问题 综合题

阅读材料,回答问题:

材料一  (王安石)向皇帝保证任用熟于“理财”的人就能确保“民不加赋而国用饶”。司马光……认为,“理财”非古代的政府所为。政府应该确保它的政策不会妨碍人们富裕起来。税收只是为了让政府能维持秩序。青苗钱破坏了富人必要的社会职能。

——(美)包弼德《斯文:唐宋思想的转型》

材料二  天变不足惧,人言不足恤,祖宗之法不足守。

——王安石

材料三 王安石变法……有一个值得注意的问题,就是他更多地重视商品货币的作用……想尽量用经济的办法管理国家财政,反映了宋代商品货币在社会生活中的活跃,也证明王安石的变法思想和变法举措有很大的前瞻性。

——马克垚《世界文明史》

(1)材料一中王安石、司马光围绕什么问题进行了激烈争论?结合材料二,指出这一争论的实质,并回答变法触动了哪部分人的既得利益。(6分)

(2)王安石采取哪些措施确保“民不加赋而国用饶”?根据材料三,变法重视商品货币作用的原因是什么?(8分)

答案

(1)问题:政府要不要“理财”。实质:祖宗之法是否可变。触动利益:触犯了大官僚、大地主、大商人的利益。

(2)措施:市易法、均输法、方田均税法、农田水利法、青苗法、免役法。原因:宋代商品货币经济活跃;王安石有前瞻性。

题目分析:本题考查学生获取和解读信息的能力和调动和运用所学知识的能力。由第(1)问中王安石和司马光都在强调自己的“理财”观念,可概括出讨论的焦点是“理财”。材料二,三句话的核心是“变”,所以争论的实质是要不要变法。而触动的肯定是保守派的利益,明确保守派包括哪些人即可回答。第(2)问“理财”措施根据教材相关知识回答即可。重视货币的原因结合宋朝大环境回答。

阅读理解

When someone has deeply hurt you, it can be very difficult to let go of your anger. But forgiveness is possible - and it can be surprisingly helpful to your physical and mental health. Indeed, research has shown that people who forgive have more energy, better appetite (胃口) and better sleep. “People who forgive show less anger and more hopefulness,” says Dr. Frederic Luskin, who wrote the book Forgive for Good. “So it can help save on the wear and tear(消耗) on our body and make people feel more energetic.”

So when someone has hurt you, calm down first. Take plenty of breathe deeply and think of something that gives you pleasure: a beautiful scene in nature, someone you love. Don’t wait for an apology(道歉). “Many times the person who hurt you may never think of apologizing,” says Dr. Luskin. “They may have wanted to hurt you or they just don’t see things the same way. So if you wait for people to apologize, you could be waiting a very long time.” Keep in mind that forgiveness does not necessarily mean accepting the action of the person who makes you angry. Mentally going over your hurt gives power to the person who brought you pain. Instead, learn to look for the love, beauty and kindness around you. Finally, try to see things from the other person’s perspective(视角). You may realize that he or she was acting out of ignorance (无知), fear, even love. To achieve the perspective, you may write a letter to yourself from that person’s point of view.

小题1:When someone has deeply hurt you, it’s not easy for you to ________.

A.feel very angry

B.let go of your anger

C.keep remembering it

D.let your anger appear小题2:What will you do first when someone has hurt you?

A.Take much breathes deeply.

B.See things in a different way.

C.Keep yourself calm.

D.Go over your hurt.小题3:According to the writer, what is the right way to calm down after being hurt?

A.Try to make sure why you get hurt.

B.Write a letter to the person who hurt you.

C.Tell yourself to accept what others have done to you.

D.Think about pleasant things and forget about the hurt.小题4:Dr. Luskin advises us not to wait for an apology after being hurt because ______.

A.we are not patient enough

B.we’d feel worse accepting others’ apology

C.people seldom want to apologize

D.people don’ t mean it when they apologize小题5:This passage is mainly written to explain _______.

A.how to keep yourself from being hurt

B.how to stay mentally healthy

C.how and when to stay calm

D.why and how to forgive others

翻译题