问题 问答题

一、注意事项  1.申论考试,与传统作文考试不同,是对分析驾驭材料的能力、解决问题能力、语言表达能力的测试。  2.作答参考时限:阅读材料40分钟,作答110分钟。  3.仔细阅读给定的资料,按照后面提出的“申论要求”依次作答。 二、给定资料  (1)男女公务员应同龄退休。综合新华社消息,“现行的公务员条例中规定男60岁退休,女55岁退休。女性拥有相同的文化程度,在同二个岗位上工作,为什么要提前5年退休”在北京召开的中国妇女第九次全国代表大会上,男女退休年龄的差异,引起了代表们的质疑。  (2)提前退休形成事实上的男女不平等。“决定一个人是否退休的条件应当是能力和身体状况,而不应该是性别。”全国妇联妇女研究所所长谭琳代表指出,对于许多女性来说,55岁正是年富力强、义务负担最轻的时候,提前离开工作岗位,不仅是人力资源的浪费,也反映了男女占有资源的不平等。  (3)“提前退休,也使得许多女性退休后享受的工资待遇比男性低,这又形成了男女经济上的不平等。”河南省妇联副 * * 李萍代表说,以前制订男女退休年龄标准的时候,是出于对女性身体保护的角度考虑,而现在随着社会的进步,这样的规定就显得不合时宜了。  (4)“退休年龄的不同还影响了女性参政议政和职业发展。”湖南省益阳市妇联 * * 梅敏亚代表指出,由于这5年的差距,与男性相比,女干部、女专业技术人员在教育培训、职业发展和岗位晋升等方面的机会明显减少,“这很大程度地制约了优秀女性人才的选拔”。  (5)将男女同龄退休写入《妇女权益保障法》。中国政法大学国际教育学院院长、中国婚姻家庭研究会副会长夏吟兰透露,“妇女权益保障法修订专家组”正在对男女同龄退休问题进行专题讨论,《妇女权益保障法》修订后有望在此问题上作出明确规定。  作为专家组成员,夏吟兰说,让女性先于男性退休,这一规定的原意是为了照顾女性在体能上的欠缺。但随着时代发展,女性受教育程度越来越高,平均寿命也日益延长,在脑力劳动上完全可与男性媲美。“尤其是对一些有着丰富社会经验,担任领导干部和技术工作的女性来说,强令她们55岁退休,更是对人力资源的巨大浪费。”夏吟兰说。  (6)提前退休给女性造成更大压力。夏吟兰说,女性比男性提前5年退休,就意味着女性必须早成材,这必然给女性造成更大的压力。同时,早退休还使女性的退休金低于男性,造成退休越早、退休金金额越少的客观后果。她强调,将“男女同龄退休”写入法律,意味着兼顾男女同龄退休的平等权利和妇女自主选择提前退休的弹性原则,即在胜任工作的情况下女性退休年龄与男性一致,而女性不能胜任工作或虽能胜任但本人不希望继续工作的,可选择提前退休。

以政府调研员的身份,用不超过350字的篇幅,提出解决给定资料所反映问题的方案。要有条理地说明,要体现针对性和可操作性。

答案

参考答案:(1)决定一个人是否退休的条件应当是能力和身体状况,而不应该是性别。应实行男女同龄退休,以解决人力资源浪费的问题。  (2)男女同龄退休,解决许多女性退休后享受的工资待遇比男性低,男女经济上的不平等等问题。  (3)解决因退休年龄的不同影响女性参政议政和职业发展的问题。  (4)解决这一问题,最根本的方法是将男女同龄退休写入《妇女权益保障法》,以法律的形式确定下来。

阅读理解

阅读理解。

      One Friday night, a poor young man stood at a gate of the railway station. He played his violin and many

people put money into the hat in front of him.

      The next day, the young man came to the gate again, and put his hat on the ground. But different from

what he always did in the past days, he took out a large piece of paper with some words in it and laid it on

the ground. It said, "Last night, a gentleman named George Sang put an important thing into my hat by mistake.

Please come soon, Mr. Sang."

      After about an hour, a middle-aged man ran to the young man in a hurry and said, "It's you! You do come

here. I know that you're an honest man and will certainly come here." The young man asked, "Are you Mr.

George Sang? Did you lose anything?" "A lottery (奖券) ticket," answered the middle-aged man. The young

man took out a lottery ticket and gave it to the man.

      The prize of the lottery ticket was $500,000. Yesterday when the middle-aged man knew he won, he

was very happy. He took out 50 dollars and put it in the hat. However, the lottery ticket was also thrown in.

      Later, someone asked the young man, "You play the violin in the railway station every day to make money.

Why didn't you just take the prize of the lottery ticket for yourself?" The young man said, "Although I don't

have much money, I live happily. But if I lose honesty, I won't be happy forever."

1. The middle-aged man put _____ into the poor man's hat.

A. $50

B. his lottery ticket

C. both $50 and his lottery ticket

D. nothing

2. What did the young man put on the ground on the next day?

A. His old hat

B. A large piece of paper

C. A lottery ticket

D. $50

3. Which of the following is TRUE?

A. The young man was honest.

B. The young man was dishonest.

C. The young man didn't give the lottery ticket back to the middle-aged man.

D. The middle-aged man didn't give money to the young man.

单项选择题