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问题 选择题

阅读下面语段，按要求回答问题：

虽然世界因发明而辉煌，但发明家个体仍常常寂宾地在逆境中奋斗．市场只认同其有直接消费价值的产品，很少有人会为发明家的理想“埋单”．世界上有职业的教师和科学家，因为人们认识到教育和科学对人类的重要性，教师和科学家可以衣食无忧地培育学生，探究宇宙；然而，世界上没有”发明家”这种职业，也没有人付给发明家薪水．

这段文字主要想表达的是；

A．世界的发展进步离不开发明

B．发明家比科学家等处境艰难

C．发明通常不具有直接消费价值

D．社会应对发明家提供更多保障

答案

 

答案：A

单项选择题

印度和巴基斯坦两国，围绕宗教和领土问题纷争不断，造成了南亚地区长期的动荡不安。造成这一局面的历史根源是（）。

A.英国长期的殖民统治

B.联合国的“分治”决议

C.宗教信仰不同

D.“蒙巴顿方案”
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问答题

The first mention of slavery in the statutes of the English colonies of North America does not occur until after 1660--some forty years after the importation of the first Black people. Lest we think that slavery existed in fact before it did in law, Oscar and Mary Simon assure us that the status of Black people down to the 1660’s was that of servants. (46) A critique of the Simons’ interpretation of why legal slavery did not appear until the 1660’s suggests that assumptions about the relation between slavery and racial prejudice should be reexamined, and that explanations for the different treatment of Black slaves in North and South America should be expanded.

(47) The Simons explain the appearance of legal slavery by contending that, during the 1660’s, the position of White servants was improving relative to that of Black servants. Thus, the Simons argue, Black and White servants, heretofore treated alike, each attained a different status. There are, however, important objections to this argument. First, the Simons cannot adequately demonstrate that the White servant’s position was improving during and after the 1660’s; several acts of the Maryland and Virginia legislatures indicate otherwise. Another flaw in the Simons’ interpretation is their assumption that prior to the establishment of legal slavery there was no discrimination against Black people. It is true that before the 1660’s Black people were rarely called slaves. But this should not overshadow evidence from the 1630’s on that points to racial discrimination without using the term slavery. Such discrimination sometimes stopped short of lifetime servitude or inherited status--the two attributes of true slavery--yet in other cases it included both. (48) The Simons’ argument excludes the real possibility that Black people in the English colonies were never treated as the equals of White people.

This possibility has important ramifications. (49) If from the outset Black people were discriminated against, then legal slavery should be viewed as a reflection and an extension of racial prejudice rather than, as many historians including the Simons have argued, the cause of prejudice. In addition, the existence of discrimination before the advent of legal slavery offers a further explanation for the harsher treatment of Black slaves in North than in South America. (50) Frey and Terry have rightly argued that the lack of certain traditions in North America--such as a Roman conception of slavery and a Roman Catholic emphasis on equality--explains why the treatment of Black slaves was more severe there than in the Spanish and Portuguese colonies of South America. But this cannot be the whole explanation since it is merely negative, based only on a lack of something.

46（）
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