问题 问答题

预期理论是如何解释利率的期限结构

答案

参考答案:利率的期限结构是指利率与金融资产期限之间的关系,是在一个时点上因期限差异而产生的不同的利率组合。预期理论认为,任何证券的利率都同短期证券的预期利率有关,对未来利率的预期是决定现有利率结构的主要因素。如果人们预期利率将上升,那么长期利率将高于短期利率。因为一方面证券需求者因预期以后可获得更高的利率,从而不愿购买长期证券。而只愿购买短期证券,这样,对证券的需求就从长期市场转向短期市场;另一方面,证券供给者预期以后将支付更高的利率,从而急于将长期证券售出,这样,证券的供给则从短期市场转向长期市场。结果,短期证券市场上需求增加,供给减少,于是价格上升,利率下降;而长期证券市场上供给增加,需求减少,其价格下跌,利率上升。这样,短期利率便低于长期利率。反之,若人们预期未来利率下降,则短期利率会高于长期利率。基于以上的分析,预期理论认为长期利率是预期未来短期利率的函数,它等于当前短期利率与预期的未来短期利率的几何平均数。

阅读理解

Anyone who cares about what schools and colleges teach and how their students learn will be interested in the memoir(回忆录)of Ralph W. Tyler, who is one of the most famous men in American education.

Born in Chicago in 1902, brought up and schooled in Nebraska, the 19-year-old college graduate Ralph Tyler became hooked on teaching while teaching as a science teacher in South Dakota and changed his major from medicine to education.

Graduate work at the University of Chicago found him connected with honorable educators Charles Judd and W. W. Charters, whose ideas of teaching and testing had an effect on his later work. In 1927, he became a teacher of Ohio State University where he further developed a new method of testing.

Tyler became well-known nationality in 1938, when he carried his work with the Eight-Year Study from Ohio State University to the University of Chicago at the invitation of Robert Hutchins.

Tyler was the first director of the Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences at Stanford, a position he held for fourteen years. There, he firmly believed that researchers should be free to seek an independent(独立的)spirit in their work.

Although Tyler officially retired in 1967, he never actually retired. He served on a long list of educational organizations in the United States and abroad. Even in his 80s he traveled across the country to advise teachers and management people on how to set objectives(目标)that develop the best teaching and learning within their schools. 68. Who are most probably interested in Ralph W. Tyler’s memoir?

A. Top managers.            B. Language learners.

C. Serious educators.               D. Science organizations.

69. The words “hooked oh teaching” underlined in Paragraph 2 probably mean ________.

A. attracted to teaching       B. tired of teaching

C. satisfied with teaching            D. unhappy about teaching

70. Where did Tyler work as the leader of a research center for over 10 years?

A. The University of Chicago.      B. Stanford University.

C. Ohio State University.           D. Nebraska University.

71. Tyler is said to have never actually retired because ____________.

A. he developed a new method of testing      B. he called for free spirit in research

C. he was still active in giving advice                 D. he still led the Eight-Year Study

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