问题 问答题

假定在封闭的条件下,某国国内只有两个生产部类,第Ⅰ部类生产生产资料,第Ⅱ部类生产生活资料。2005年该国国内两大部类资本构成状况如下:

第Ⅰ部类 第Ⅱ部类
不变资本(c) 800 700
可变资本(v) 200 300
剩余价值(m) 300 200

请回答:
(1)该国国内社会总资本周转能否顺利进行为什么
(2)如果社会总资本周转不能顺利进行,市场能否自发进行调节
(3)上述两个问题对我国发展社会主义市场经济有何启示

答案

参考答案:(1)在上述给定的比例下,该国国内社会总资本周转将不能顺利进行。社会资本简单再生产的基本实现条件是第1部类的可变资本价值和剩余价值之和等于第Ⅱ部类的不变资本价值,社会资本扩大再生产的前提条件是第1部类的可变资本价值和剩余价值之和大于第Ⅱ部类不变资本价值。该国既不满足简单再生产的实现条件,也不满足扩大再生产的前提条件(实现条件),因此,社会总资本周转将不能正常进行。
(2)市场能够进行自发调节。该国社会总资本周转的障碍在于,第Ⅱ部类的比重过大从而产品实现困难,在市场上就表现为生活资料供过于求。在价值规律和平均利润规律的作用下,资本从第Ⅱ部类向第1部类转移,使第Ⅰ部类生产增加,最终实现两大部类的均衡,为社会总资本再生产创造必要条件。
(3)对我国发展社会主义市场经济的启示丰要有两点:一是社会生产各部门之间存在相互制约、互为条件的关系,各部门之间客观要求的比例关系遭到破坏,社会再生产就不能顺利进行,这是一切社会化大生产的共同规律。二是价值规律是资源配置的有效方式,应当充分发挥市场在资源配置中的基础性作用。

解析: 本题考查了两个知识点:社会总资本再生产和价值规律的作用。本题综合性非常强,对考生来说,难点在于如何将社会总资本周转顺利进行的客观条件与价值规律联系起来考虑。
解答本题的关键在于,从表格中提取有效信息。由表格可知,一是两大部类之间的比例关系是不合理的;二是两大部类之间的利润率是不同的。考生很容易看出第一个方面的信息,却往往忽略了两大部类之间利润率的不一致,从而就很难与价值规律和平均利润规律联系起来了。

阅读理解

阅读短文,选择正确答案。

    Very few people were coming to eat at the White Rose Restaurant, and its owner did not know what to do.

The food in the restaurant was cheap and good, but nobody seemed to want to eat there. Then he thought of an

idea to change it. A few weeks later, his restaurant was always full of men with their lady friends. Whenever a

man came in with a lady, a smiling waiter would give each of them a beautiful menu. The menus looked the

same outside, but they were quite different inside. The waiter gave the man a menu with the correct price for

each dish and bottle of wine, while he gave the lady a menu with a much higher price. So when the man ordered

dish after dish and wine after wine, the lady thought he was much more generous (大方) than he really was.

1. At the beginning of the story _______ at the White Rose Restaurant. [ ]

A. the owner was trying to fool the ladies

B. people didn't like to have meals

C. ladies weren't always there

D. the waiter gave the man a wrong menu

2. Several weeks later, _______. [ ]

A. the food there was much cheaper and better

B. men and women enjoyed eating at the restaurant

C. the owner gave each of the ladies some flowers after dinner

D. the owner was very thankful to his waiters

3. The waiter gave the man and the lady different menus, and _______. [ ]

A. the price in the lady's was much higher than its real price

B. the price in the man's was much higher than its real price.

C. ladies liked the beautiful menu very much

D. the menus were different outside

4. When the man ordered dishes and wine again and again, his girl friend felt _______. [ ]

A. very sad

B. much afraid

C. quite pleased

D. much surprised

5. The owner played tricks to attract (吸引) business when _______. [ ]

A. nobody seemed to want to eat there

B. the food was too cheap and good

C. the restaurant was full of people

D. the waiter was giving each of them a beautiful menu

判断题