问题 问答题 简答题

何谓社会营销导向?其产生的社会背景是什么?

答案

参考答案:

社会营销导向(socialmarketingorientation)认为,组织的任务是确定诸目标市场的需要、欲望和利益,并以保护或者提高消费者和社会福利的方式,比竞争者更有效、更有利地向目标市场提供所期待的满足。

随着环境恶化、资源短缺、人口爆炸、世界性饥荒和贫困等现象日益严重,这些问题意味着,一个在了解、服务和满足个体消费者需要方面干得十分出色的企业,未定也能满足广大消费者和社会的长期利益。市场营销导向回避了消费者需要、消费者利益和长期社会福利之间隐含的冲突。它们表明许多人对于营销体制的某些部分不满意。上述情况的出现要求有一种新的导向来修正或取代市场营销导向,这就是社会营销导向。

阅读理解

阅读理解。

     We know that many animals do not stay in one place. Bird, fish and other animals move from one

place to another at a certain time. They move for different reasons: most of them move to find food more

easily, but others move to get away from places that are too crowded.

     When cold weather comes, many birds move to warmer places to find food. Some fishes give birth in warm water and move to cold water to feed. The most famous migration (迁移) is probably the migration of the fish, which is called "salmon". This fish is born in fresh water but it travels many miles to salt water.

There it spends its life. When it is old, it returns to its birthplace in fresh water. Then it gives birth and dies

there. In northern Europe, there is a kind of mouse. They leave their mountain homes when they become

too crowded. They move down to the low land. Sometimes they move all the way to the seaside, and

many of them are killed when they fall into the sea.

     Recently, scientists have studied the migration of a kind of lobster (龙虾). Every year, when the

season of bad weather arrives, the lobsters get into a long line and start to walk across the floor of the

ocean. Nobody knows why they do this, and nobody knows where they go.

So, sometimes we know why humans and animals move from one place to another, but at other times

we don't. Maybe living things just like to travel.

1. Most animals move from one place to another at a certain time to _________.

A. give birth

B. enjoy warmer weather

C. find food more easily

D. find beautiful places

2. The fish called "salmon" spends a long life in _________.

A. salt water

B. rivers  

C. fresh water

D. its birthplace

3. What is the main idea of the passage?

A. Animals move in order to find food more easily.

B. The migration of the fish called "salmon" is the most famous migration.

C. Living things move from one place to another because they like to travel.

D. sometimes we know why and how living things move from one place to another,

     but sometimes we don't.

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