问题 问答题

试论我国刑法的“从旧兼从轻”原则。

答案

参考答案:我国《刑法》第12条关于溯及力的规定采取的是从旧兼从轻原则。从1949年10月1日至1997年9月30日所发生的行为,如果未经法院审判或判决未确定,就按不同情况分别处理:(1)行为时的法律不认为是犯罪,而刑法认为是犯罪的,适用行为时的法律,即不追究刑事责任,刑法没有溯及力。(2)行为时的法律认为是犯罪,而刑法不认为是犯罪的,适用刑法,即不追究刑事责任,刑法具有溯及力。(3)行为时的法律与刑法都认为是犯罪,并且按刑法总则第四章第八节规定应当追溯的,按照行为时的法律追究刑事责任,即刑法没有溯及力;但是,如果刑法的处刑比行为时的法律处刑轻,则应适用刑法,即刑法具有溯及力。(4)刑法实行以前,依照当时的法律已经做出的生效判决,继续有效。
从刑法理论上看,从旧兼从轻原则比较符合罪刑法定原则。因为“从旧”表明了对行为时不受处罚的行为,不能适用裁判时的法律处罚;即使行为时应受处罚的行为,不能适用裁判时的法律处罚。这体现了定罪判刑以行为时由法律的明文规定为限的思想。另一方面,罪刑法定原则包含着保障行为人的自由的观念,因此,当适用新法有利于行为时,应例外地适用新法。
“从旧兼从轻”原则是我国处理各种法律问题的一项基本原则,除了刑法适用外,其他涉及到的法律问题也都适用“从旧兼从轻”原则。

阅读理解

Michael and Dick are good friends, but they like to play jokes on each other. One holiday, they decided to go to London together. They went to the station and bought their tickets.

Michael got on the train first. He dropped his ticket on the platform when he got into the carriage. Dick, who was close behind, saw the ticket fall and quickly picked it up. He put it in his pocket, but didn’t tell Michael. After they had been in the train for a while, they heard the conductor coming down the corridor, shouting, “Tickets, please!” Michael looked for his ticket and of course couldn’t find it.

“Oh dear, I can’t find my ticket, Dick,” Michael said.

“Look for it carefully, Michael; it must be somewhere.” said Dick.

“No, I can’t find it anywhere. What shall I do?” said Michael.

“Perhaps you’d better hide under the seat; then the conductor won’t know you are here.” So Michael hid under the seat. At this time, the conductor came in. “Tickets, please,” he said. Dick handed him tow tickets and said, “This is mine. The other is my friend’s. But he prefers to stay under the seat.”

小题1:Michael and Dick would spend their holiday in________.

A.train

B.London

C.Pairs

D.Rome小题2: Where did Michael lose his ticket?

A.On the platform

B.In the carriage

C.In the corridor

D.Under the seat小题3:What did Dick do after he picked up Michael’s ticket?

A.He gave it to his friend.

B.gave it to the inspector.

C.He put it in his bag.

D.He put it in his pocket.小题4:Michael hid under the seat when the conductor came to check the ticket because _______.

A.he didn’t buy the ticket

B.he liked to hide under the seat

C.he couldn’t find his ticket

D.he wanted to lay with the inspector小题5:From the last sentence we can know that when Michael heard Dick’s words, he would feel___________.

A.angry

B.happy

C.sad

D.worry

单项选择题