问题 单项选择题

Raymond Arth knows he should feel better about the economy. His company hasn’t returned to its pre-recession revenues selling its wares to the makers of RVs and manufactured homes, but it is making a profit again. Like too many other small-business proprietors, Arth doesn’t fully trust this economic recovery. While he says he’s "guardedly optimistic" about it, his actions are all about the first half of that phrase,

In the Labor Department’s latest snapshot of the country’s job market, the private sector added 268,000 jobs in April, the largest gain in five years and the third consecutive month of solid job growth. Yet a more sobering account of where the economy might be headed—and arguably a more accurate barometer of the near-term future—is the monthly report published by the National Federation of Independent Business. After all, it’s small businesses, which have created two out of every three new jobs the economy has added since the early 1990s, that historically have led the country out of recessions. And it’s the owners of small businesses that the NFIB surveys each month for its Small Business Optimism Index.

On that front the news is anything but good. The index is down for the second straight month. Fewer small-business owners expect conditions to improve over the next half year a drop of 18 percentage points from January. The bulk of new hiring must be happening inside larger corporations, since their smaller counterparts on Main Street say they are generally reluctant to create new jobs. That aptly sums up the sentiments of Scott Lipps, the president of the Sleep Tite Mattress Factory. Before the downturn, Lipps says, his sales were about evenly split between his medical clients (hospitals and nursing homes) and consumers buying mattresses through a factory outlet. But sales to the general public plummeted starting in 2008.

"The families affected most by the economy have stopped buying," Lipps says. "And those who say ’We have to have a new mattress’ are downgrading to a medium-quality mattress. " Despite a 20 percent drop in sales, Lipps and his partner tried to forestall the inevitable by putting up $ 70,000 of their own money. But in 2010 they laid off three of their 18 full-time employees. "It should have happened in 2009, but we let our hearts run the company instead of our billfolds," Lipps says.

In Bartlesville, Mat Saddoris is feeling relatively more upbeat. Saddoris is the third-generation owner of United Linen, a restaurant-supply company that cut its workforce by more than 10 percent during the downturn’s darkest days. Revenues are back up to pre-2008 levels, and United Linen is back to its pre-recession staffing of 135 employees. But will he take the risk of growing the company "I talk to my customers and they’re optimistic—to a point," he says. "They’ve all come back from the pits, if you will, and things have been getting better in the past six or seven months. " But, he says, "I don’t think they’re ready to announce that things have turned around. \

What Scott Lipps says explains()

A. why small businesses are cautious in hiring people

B. why small businesses have not generated a profit

C. how the federal economic policies affect small businesses

D. how customers have changed their buying habits

答案

参考答案:A

解析:

第三、四段都引用了Lipps的活,他是一家床垫工厂老板,他的床垫一半卖给医院和养老院,一半经工厂的销售店卖给消费者,但是后者自2008年以来锐减。受金融危机影响最深的人不再买床垫了,不得不买新床垫的人也捡便宜的买,为了防止不可避免的后果,他们自己掏腰包来支撑着企业。但撑到2010年之后,他们不得不解雇了三名工人。他说,他们本来应该早解雇人的,但是他们用心来经营公司,而不是靠钱夹来经营公司。他的意思是,他们公司不仅仅是为了赚钱,而更多的是以人为本。在提到Lipps的例子之前,第三段谈到小企业不愿意创造新的就业机会,不愿意雇人,因此举出Lipps的例子正是为了说明这一点。

单项选择题
问答题 案例分析题

材料一民族主义在中世纪尚未成型,当时所有的西方基督教徒都属于天主教会,所有受过教育的人都使用拉丁语——因而在那些世纪里,无人知晓民众应该忠于国家这一点。

……民族主义直到西欧资产阶级开始分享或获得全部权力时,才呈现出其近代的形式。由于西欧的资产阶级是以国家的名义分享或获得全部权力的,因而国家也就不再是国王、国王的领土和国王的臣民。更确切地说,国家这时已经是由公民(19世纪末以前仅指有财产的公民)组成的。----上述材料均引自《全球通史》

材料二近代中国民族主义是在空前的变局之下,因受外力刺激而形成和迅速发展起来的。一方面,在具有高度文化的“西夷”面前,不得不放弃古代的华夷观念;另一方面,在“西夷”的侵略面前,为谋自救而迅速激活了民族意识。此民族意识已逐渐摆脱古代的华夷观念,而导向建立独立的近代民族国家的目标。建立近代民族国家,是近代民族主义的核心内容。梁启超是中国揭示和宣传近代民族主义的第一人。梁氏在《论中国学术思想变迁之大势》一文中,又首次提出了“中 * * ”的概念。梁启超还最早表明建立民族国家的问题,他于1902年2~4月在《新民丛报》上发表《论民族竞争之大势》,明确提出:“今日欲救中国,无他术焉,亦先建设一民族主义之国家而已。”

----《光明日报》

材料三德意志人在普鲁士的领导下于1866年击败奥地利,于1870~1871年击败法国,然后建立起了他们的德意志帝国。到1871年民族主义的原则已在西欧获胜。在此之前,为了反抗资本主义列强殖民掠夺。亚洲各国人民掀起了轰轰烈烈的民族主义运动。其中典型的有伊朗巴布教徒起义、中国太平天国运动和印度民族大起义等。

----《全球通史》

材料四在北美,经过一百多年的发展,英属北美各殖民地经济往来日益密切。初步形成了统一的国内市场。同时,在长期的交流、融合过程中,英语成为来自各地移民的共同语言。逐渐产生了共同的文化——美国人民经过6年多的艰苦抗战,推翻了英国殖民统治,赢得了民族独立,建立了近代美洲第一个独立国家。

----《世界近代现代史》(上册)

概括材料一中近代民族主义思想的内容。结合所学知识,分析材料二中梁启超提出“中 * * ”“民族国家”等概念的主要原因和目的。