问题 单项选择题

Aspirin is one of the safest and most effective drugs invented by man. The most popular medicine in the world today, it is an effective pain reliever. Its bad effects are relatively mild. It is also cheap.
For millions of people suffering from arthritis, it is the only thing that works. Aspirin, in short, is truly the 20th-century wonder drug. It is also the second largest suicide drug and is the leading cause of poisoning among children. It has side effects that, although relatively mild, are largely unrecognized among users.
Although aspirin was first sold by a German company in 1899, it has been around much longer than that. Hippocrates, in ancient Greece, understood the medical value of tree barks and leaves which today are known to contain a chemical found in aspirin. During the 19th century. there was a great deal of experimentation in Europe with this chemical, and it led to the introduction of aspirin. By 1915, aspirin tablets were available in the United States.
A small quantity of aspirin relieves pain and inflammation. It also reduces fever by affecting some of the body’s reactions. Aspirin is very irritating to the stomach lining. The best way is to chew the tablets before swallowing them with water, but few people can stand the bitter taste. Some people suggest crashing the tablets in milk or orange juice.

Which of the following statements is NOT true

A.Aspirin can relieve pain.

B.Aspirin can reduce fever.

C.Aspirin can relieve inflammation.

D.Aspirin can reduce stomach lining.

答案

参考答案:D

解析:

[分析]: 是非题型。 见最后一段的第一、二两句:A small quantity of aspirin relieves pain and inflammation. It also reduces fever by affecting some of the body’s reactions. Aspirin is very irritating to the stomach lining.少量的阿司匹林可消炎止痛,还可通过刺激人的机体反应来退烧;但它对胃粘膜有刺激。所以选项D是答案。

单项选择题 A1/A2型题
综合题

(20分)阅读材料:

材料一: 西周时,耒、耜是主要农具,“一人跖(踏)耒而耕,不过十亩”。战国时,(秦国)“用注填阏之水,溉泽卤之地四万顷,收皆亩一锺,于是关中为沃野”。(魏国改革家)李悝说:“今一夫挟五口,治田百亩,岁收亩一石半,为粟百五十石”。

——摘录自《中华文明史》

材料二: 会子、交子之法,盖有取于唐之飞钱。真宗时,张咏镇蜀,患蜀人铁钱重,不便贸易,设质剂(古时贸易用的契券)之法,一交一缗(贯),以三年为一界而换之,六十五年为二十二界,谓之交子,富民十六户主之。后富民赀(资)稍衰,不能偿所负,争讼不息。转运使薛田、张若谷请置益州交子务,以榷其出入,私造者禁之……

——[元]脱脱等《宋史·食货志下三·会子》

材料三: 明清时期,官府对手工业产品收取重税。万历(1573—1620年)中后期,矿监、税使四处搜刮。苏州大涝,桑蚕减产,丝织品的税收却有增无减,以致“穷民之以丝为生计者,岌岌乎无生路矣。”官局垄断了丝织业,以低价强迫民间机户限期为官局生产,甚至还强制压价收买,往往“十不还一,无异空取”。官府对民间工匠管制很严,康熙时规定,有些工匠需编甲,“五人连环互保,取结报册”,限制他们的人身自由。对丝绸出口,官府严加限制。清朝规定,江苏省的出海船只,“每年每船准绸缎三十卷,每卷重一百二十斤”,私自将丝绸贩卖出洋的,将被治罪,“船只货物入官”。              

请回答:

(1)材料一的历史现象说明了什么?结合材料一和所学知识分析其原因。(8分)

(2)根据材料二并结合所学知识,分析北宋交子出现的原因。(6分)

(3)依据材料三,指出明、清政府限制民营手工业发展的措施。(6分)