问题 问答题 案例分析题

【背景材料】

某城市公路的改建项目,为了控制工程造价,业主与设计方详细研究了各种成本控制措施,要求通过成本管理的各种手段,不断促进降低施工项目成本,尽可能地以最低的成本达到设计要求。在面对业主提出的要求后,施工方也采取了一系列措施,选择适宜的施工方案,降低材料成本,提高机械利用率,以降低施工成本获得最大的收益。

【问题】

1.简述公路工程造价的构成

2.简述工程施工项目成本管理的原则。

3.为什么降低材料成本是施工项目成本控制的主要途径之一?其具体采取的措施有哪些?

答案

参考答案:

1.公路工程造价的构成分为建筑安装工程费、设备、工具、器具及家具购置费、工程建设其他费用、预留费用组成。

2.工程施工项目成本管理的原则包括:成本最低化原则;全面成本管理原则;成本责任制原则;成本管理有效化原则;成本管理科学化原则。

3.材料成本在整个项目成本中的比重最大,一般可达70%左右,而且有较大的节约潜力,往往在其他成本项目(如人工费、机械费等)出现亏损时,要靠材料成本的节约来弥补。因此,应做好材料的采购计划,采取招标采购的形式,降低材料的采购单价。同时,做好混合料配合比的优化设计,加强施工过程控制,降低各类材料的生产消耗量和不必要的损耗。

阅读理解

C

Classified ads

For direct classified service, call 800-0667 10 a.m.-4 p.m., Monday—Friday.

For rent

Excellent room for girls, begins Jan., 2,4,or 8 months lease(租期). Single,$105-125.Double,$140. Call 800-1932.

Family home, 3 bedrooms, large yard.$275. Call 800-4300

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For sale

Sheepskin coat, men’s size 42, 1 year old. $85. After 6 p.m.Call 800-5224.

Color TV21,$150;transistor radio, $15;recorder,$25. Call 800-0739.

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Help wanted

Babysitter — My home

If you could find a few hours during the day, some evenings and weekends to care for 2 school-age children, please call 800-1111.

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Lost

A black bag with a pencil-box and some books left in the reading room. Will the finder please come to Class 3,Grade 1?

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Found

A green Jacket was left on the sports ground yesterday afternoon(April 15th).Will the owner please ring 656-6688?

59.“Classified ads”may probably mean____________.

A.ads about everyone’s life

B.ads giving one some necessary information

C.ads divided into different groups according to a certain rule

D.ads for which you needn’t pay any money

60.If you want to place an ad. What number should you call?

A.800-0739.                 B.800-1932.                 C.800-4300.                 D.800-0667.

61.If you want to get a used color TV and a recorder, how much will you have to pay?

A.$275.                      B. $150.                    C. $25.                     D.$175.

62.If you want to find a part-time job,you will look at                .

A.For rent                   B.For sale                     C.Help wanted                     D.Lost

63.If you can’t find your school card,you will put up a notice at_________.

A.Lost                          B.Found                       C.Help wanted                     D.For sale

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