问题 问答题

某商场与某酒厂签订一份买卖合同,合同规定由酒厂向商场供应普通白酒5万瓶,货款 10万元,并贴上由该商场提供的某名牌酒厂的商标。商场为此开具一张10万元的汇票给酒厂,酒厂随后将该汇票背书转让给个体户张某用以支付购买粮食等原料的贷款。张某收到汇票后将汇票变造为40万元背书转让给某工程队,以支付工程队为其建造种养场的工程款。工程队再次背书将汇票转让给建筑材料供应商,该供应商向付款人提示承兑时,被付款人以该汇票被变造为由加以拒绝,并作出拒绝证书。之后供应商又将汇票背书转让给A商人,A商人在请求承兑时,同样被付款人以该汇票被变造为由加以拒绝。A商人为此准备行使追索权。此时,商场因酒厂未能全数交付白酒而发生纠纷。 要求:根据上述资料回答下列问题: (1)该买卖合同是否有效应如何处理 (2)买卖合同的效力是否会影响由此而产生的票据关系 (3)A商人可以向哪些人行使追索权设A商人向供应商行使追索权,其可追索的费用包括哪些 (4)如何界定该票据关系当事人的法律责任

答案

参考答案:

解析:(1) 该买卖合同因双方当事人恶意串通损害第三人利益(名牌酒厂)、损害社会公共利益 (广在消费者利益),违反《合同法》的规定而无效。依照《合同法》的规定,当事人恶意串通,损害国家、集体或者第三人利益的,因此取得的财产收归国家所有或者返还集体、第三人。因此应依法追缴双方已经取得或约定取得的财产归国家所有。 (2) 该买卖合同的效力,不影响由此而产生的票据关系。根据《票据法》的有关规定,商场与酒厂的票据行为完全符合法律规定,票据关系一经形成,便与决定其产生的票据基础关系(合同关系)相分离。基础关系是否存在,是否有效,对票据关系不产生影响。 (3) A商人可以向所有签章在前的前手,包括出票人商场、背书人酒厂、张某、工程队、供应商追索。如其向供应商追索,则追索的费用包括:被拒绝承兑的汇票金额40万元;汇票金额自到期日起至清偿日止,按照中国人民银行规定的利率计算的利息;取得拒绝证书的费用,发出追索通知书的费用。 (4) 因为该汇票被变造,所以各票据当事人对A商人的责任,应根据其签章是在变造前还是变造后来加以确定。在本案例中,出票人商场和背书人酒厂是在变造之前签章,故应就变造前的10万元承担责任。张某为变造人,应对变造的文义负责,即40万元承担责任。工程队、供应商背书的签章发生在变造之后,应当对变造后的事项负责,也即承担40万元的责任。同时,依《票据法》的规定,变造人张某应对变造汇票的行为、供应商应对故意使用变造的汇票的行为,承担票据欺诈行为的法律责任,即刑事责任或行政责任。

阅读理解

My granddaughter, Shari, owns The Berry (莓果) Factory in Sacramento, California, and her mother, Joan, and I were helping with the Valentine’s Day rush. We’d dipped (浸泡) hundreds of berries, arranged gift baskets and packaged orders to be shipped around the country.

By the end of the day, the two middle-aged women, Joan and I, were exhausted. Shari didn’t seem tired. That was typical Shari. Though she was very busy, I’d seen her give away berries to everybody — parking attendants, mail carriers and hairdressers. “For me?” they would say, bursting into a smile.

As a “thank you”, Shari took us out for dinner. But there was a 45-minute wait at her favorite restaurant. “No big deal. There’s another place just up the road,” she said, driving us there. This time we walked right in.

When the waitress came to take our drink orders, Shari reached into her handbag, pulling something out. “I want you to have these,” she said, handing the waitress a box of chocolate-dipped strawberries. “She will love those berries!” I thought. But the waitress seemed startled. She only let out a “thank you” before grabbing the box and rushing into the kitchen.

A few minutes later, the waitress returned with our iced tea. “I apologize,” she said. “My best friend and I had promised to send each other something every Valentine’s Day. But she passed away last year. I didn’t know how I’d get through this day without her. Then you handed me that box.”“I’m so sorry to hear that,” said Shari. “It’s not much, but I hope you can enjoy them.”“Oh, I will,” the waitress said. “See, every year we always sent each other the same thing; a box of chocolate-dipped strawberries bought from our favourite store, The Berry Factory.”

小题1:What can be inferred in the first paragraph?

A.The Berry Factory is a gift store

B.The Berry Factory has few shop clerks.

C.The Berry Factory has many branches around the country

D.The Berry Factory has customers from different parts of the country.小题2: Which of the following words can best describe Shari?

A.Talkative

B.Creative

C.Kind-hearted

D.Well-known小题3: The underlined word “startled” in Paragraph 4 probably means _________.

A.shocked

B.excited

C.tired

D.frightened小题4:We can learn from the last paragraph that _________.

A.the waitress’ best friend didn’t like chocolate

B.the waitress’ best friend broke up with her

C.the waitress’ best friend worked for Shari

D.the waitress’ best friend was Shari’s customer

单项选择题