问题 问答题

简述《学记》中的教育教学原则。

答案

参考答案:《学记》在综合各家教育、教学成败的经验教训的基础上,总结了一套教育、教学原则和方法,此乃《学记》之精华所在。
(1)教学相长。深刻地体现了教与学之间的辩证关系,两者相互依存,相互促进,“学”因“教”而日进,“教”因“学”而益深。
(2)尊师重道。认为尊师才能重道,要重道必须尊师。一方面高度评价教师的作用,要提高教师的社会政治地位;另一方面又对教师提出了严格的要求。
(3)藏息相辅。认为正课学习与课外练习必须兼顾,相互补充,相互促进;学习与休息兼顾,使学生乐学而亲师。
(4)豫时孙摩。豫是预防;时是及时,善于抓住适当时机及时施教;孙是按顺序不越级,循序渐进;摩是相互观摩,相互学习,取长补短,发挥集体作用。
(5)启发诱导。充分调动学生学习和思考的积极性、主动性,要做到“导而弗牵”,“强而弗抑”,“开而弗达”,要求教师积极发挥主导作用,而不能代替学生思考。
(6)长善救失。要求教师懂得教育的辩证法,坚持正面教育,重视因材施教,善于因势利导,利用积极因素克服消极因素,将缺点转化为优点。
综上所述,我们可以看出《学记》内容十分丰富,论述十分深刻,它所提出的一系列教育原则和方法,充满着辩证法因素,至今仍有重要的借鉴意义。

阅读理解

阅读理解。

     Now more than 40 million foreigners around the world are learning Chinese, according to a report. The relationship

between the United States and China is becoming more and more important in the world. This has really influenced the

growth of Chinese language learning in U.S.

     I am Chris from the United States. I am one of the many people who are learning Chinese. I am studying at a Confucius

Institute(孔子学院)in New York. There are 10 students in our class. Some are over thirty years old. Some are middle

school students. Our teacher comes from Beijing. He is fun and often tells us interesting things in China.

     I think Chinese is difficult to learn. The biggest challenge for American learners is the writing. Chinese is completely

different from any other language in the world. It will take me a lot of time to learn enough Chinese characters(汉字). But

1 think there are many benefits (益处) of spending time in learning Chinese. One important benefit is that it makes me see

things from a different point of view, because Chinese is such a different language from English. I think for American students

the most important benefit is that learning a challenging language can open up their eyes.

1. From the passage we know that _____. 

A. Chris is an American

B. Chris is thirty years old

C. Chris has been to China

D. Chris is in China now

2. _____ is the most difficult thing of the language for foreigners according to the writer.

A. Listening

B. Speaking

C. Reading

D. Writing

3. According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE?

A. More than 40 million Americans are learning Chinese.

B. Chris' Chinese teacher is a Chinese.

C. Chris thinks there are few benefits of learning Chinese.

D. Most foreigners don't think it's difficult to learn Chinese.

4. The last paragraph is mainly about _____.

A. the differences between Chinese and other languages

B. the reason for learning Chinese

C. ways of learning Chinese

D. the challenges and benefits of learning Chinese

选择题