问题 问答题

某小汽车制造公司,为增值税一般纳税人,生产的A型小汽车统一售价为50000元/辆(不含税价),最高售价55000元/辆(不含税价)。2011年6月份别发生下列经济业务,请分别说明以下销售方式的增值税纳税规定,并计算出当期应纳增值税税额。
(1)向甲汽车专卖店销售A型小汽车100辆,由于商场购买的数量多,按照协议规定,厂家给予汽车专卖店统一售价5%的优惠,销售额与折扣额在同一张发票金额栏上分别注明,货款全部以银行存款收讫;向乙汽车专卖店销售A型小汽车50辆,为了尽快收回货款,厂家提供价税合计金额2%的现金折扣,乙汽车专卖店及时付款享受了现金折扣。
(2)非独立核算的直营店采取以旧换新方式,从消费者个人手中收购旧汽车,销售A型小汽车10辆,旧小汽车作价10000元/辆。
(3)独立核算的直营店采取还本销售方式销售A型小汽车给消费者15辆,根据协议规定,五年后厂家应当将全部货款以价税合计总额退还给购货方。销售后,开出普通发票15张,含税销售收入合计金额为877500元。
(4)以30辆A型小汽车向丙单位等价换取原材料,A型小汽车成本每辆35000元。双方均按17%的税率开具了增值税专用发票,在交换过程中丙单位推迟时间交货,收取违约金2000元。
(5)当月向丁专卖店销售A型小汽车共200辆。专卖店在对外销售时发现,有3辆存在严重的质量问题,专卖店当即要求退货,该厂于当月末将小汽车收回,货款退回,未履行相关手续直接向专卖店开具了红字专用发票。
本月共发生可抵扣进项税额3200000元(含从丙单位换入原材料应抵扣的进项税额)。假设上述增值税专用发票均已通过认证。

答案

参考答案:

(1)税法规定,纳税人采取折扣方式销售货物,如果销售额和折扣额在同一张发票金额栏上分别注明的,可以按折扣后的销售额征收增值税;如果将折扣额另开发票,不论其在财务上如何处理,均不得从销售额中减除折扣额。汽车生产厂采用商业折扣方式向甲汽车专卖店销售产品,属于先打折后销售,实际上就是按每辆47500元的单价销售,可按折扣后的金额计算增值税。对乙汽年专卖店采取的是现金折扣方式,折扣部分不得抵减销售额。

销项税额=47500×100×17%+50000×50×17%=1232500(元)

(2)税法规定,纳税人采取以旧换新方式销售货物的,应按新货物的同期销售价格确定销售额(金银首饰除外)。销项税额=50000×10×17%=85000(元)

(3)税法规定,纳税人采取还本销售方式销售货物的,不得从销售额中减除还本支出。销项税额=877500÷(1÷17%)×17%=127500(元)

(4)税法规定,纳税人采取以物易物方式销售货物的,双方都应作购销处理。以各自发出的货物核算销售额并计算销项税额,以各自收到的货物核算购货额并计算进项税额。由于是等价交换,并且双方均开具增值税专用发票,该笔业务的销项税额和进项税额相等,即:50000×30×17%=255000(元)收取的违约金作为价外费用,销项税额=2000÷1.17×17%=290.60(元)

(5)税法规定,销售货物并向购买方开具专用发票后,如发生退货或销售折让,购买方必须取得所在地主管税务机关开具的《开具红字增值税专用发票通知单》送交销售万,作为销售方开具红字专用发票的合法依据。红字专用发票的记账联作为销售方扣减当期销顶税额的凭证。本业务中,企业擅自开具红字增值税专用发票是不正确的,不得作为扣减销项税额的依据。销项税额=50000×200×17%=1700000(元)

(6)综上,本月份应纳增值税=销项税额-进项税额=(1232500+85000+127500+255000+290.60+1700000)-3200000=200290.6(元)

单项选择题
阅读理解

阅读理解

     Time and how we experience it have always puzzled us.Physicists have created fascinating theories,

but their time is measured by a pendulum (钟摆) and is not psychological time, which leaps with little

regard to the clock or calendar.As some-one who understood the distinction observed, "When you sit

with a nice girl for two hours it seems like a minute, but when you sit on a hot stove, a minute seems like

two hours."

     Psychologists have long noticed that larger units of time, such as months and years, fly on swifter wings

as we age.They also note that the more time is structured with schedules and appointments, the more

rapidly it seems to pass.For example, a day at the office flies compared with a day at the beach.Since

most of us spend fewer days at the beach and more at the office as we age, an increase in structured tune

could well be to blame for why time seems to speed up as we grow older.

     Expectation and familiarity also make time seem to flow more rapidly.Almost all of us have had the

experience of driving somewhere we've never been before. Surrounded by unfamiliar scenery, with no real

idea of when we'll arrive, we experience the trip as lasting a long time. But the return trip, although exactly

as long, seems to take far less time. The novelty of the outward journey has become routine. Thus taking

a different route on occasions can often help slow the clock.

     When was become as identical as identical as beads(小珠子)on a string, they mix together, and even

months become a single day. To counter this, try to find ways to interrupt the structure of your day-to stop

time, so to speak.

     Learning something new is one of the ways to slow the passage of time. One of the reasons the days

of our youth seems so full and long is that these are the days of learning and discovery. For many of us,

learning ends when we leave school, but this doesn't have to be.

1.The underlined sentence in Paragraph 1 is used to show         .

A.psychological time is quite puzzling

B.time should not be measured by a pendulum

C.physical time is different from psychological time

D.physical theory has nothing to do with the true sense of time

2.Why do units of time fly faster as we grow older?

A.Our sense of time changes.

B.We spend less time at the beach.

C.More time is structured and scheduled.

D.Time is structured with too many appointments.

3.In Paragraph 3 "novelty" probably means         .

A.excitement

B.unfamiliarity

C.imagination

D.amusement

4.The purpose of the passage is to         .

A.give various explanations about time

B.describe how we experience time psychologically

C.show the different ideas of physicists and psychologists on time

D.explain why time flies and how to slow it down psychologically