问题 问答题 简答题

电力系统中的高次谐波是如何产生的?有什么危害?有哪些消除和抑制措施?

答案

参考答案:

电网谐波的产生,主要在于电力系统中存在各种非线性元件。例荧光灯和高压钠灯等气体放电灯、感应电动机、电焊机、变压器和感应电炉等,都要产生谐波电流或电压,最为严重的是大型晶闸管变流设备和大型电弧炉。

高次谐波的危害:

1、谐波电流通过变压器,可使变压器铁心损耗明显增加,从而使变压器出现过热,缩短其使用寿命。

2、谐波电流通过交流电动机,不仅会使电动机的铁心损耗明显增加,而且会使电动机转子发生振动现象,严重影响机械加工的产品质量。

3、谐波对电容器的影响更为突出,谐波电压加在电容器两端时,由于电容器对于谐波的阻抗很小,因此电容器很容易过负荷甚至烧毁。

4、谐波电流可使电力线路的电能损耗和电压损耗增加;可使计量电能的感应式电能表计量不准确;可使电力系统发生电压谐振,从而在线路上引起过电压,有可能击穿线路设备的绝缘;还可能造成系统的继电保护和自动装置发生误动作;并可对附近的通信设备和通信线路产生信号干扰。

高次谐波的消除和抑制:

1、三相整流变压器采用Yd或Dy联结

2、增加整流变压器二次侧的相数

3、使各台整流变压器二次侧互有相角差

4、装设分流滤波器

5、选用Dyn11联结组三相配电变压器

6、其他如限制电力系统中接入的变流设备和交流调压装置的容量,或提高对大容量非线性设备的供电电压,或者将“谐波源”与不能受干扰的负荷电路从电网的接线上分开,都能有助于谐波的抑制或消除。

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The potential of computers for increasing the control of organizations or society over their members and for invading the privacy of those members has caused considerable concern.
The privacy issue has been raised most insistently with respect to the creation and maintenance of data files that assemble information about persons from a multitude of sources. Files of this kind would be highly valuable for many kinds of economic and social research, but they are bought at too high a price if they endanger human freedom or seriously enhance the opportunities of blackmailers. (2) While such dangers should not be ignored, it should be noted that the lack of comprehensive data files has never before been the limiting barrier to the suppression of human freedom.
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