问题 单项选择题

The great advance (91) rocket theory 40 years ago showed that liquid-fuel rockets were far (92) in every respect to the skyrocket with its weak solid fuel, the only kind of rocket then known. (93) , during the last decade, large solid-fuel rockets with (94) fuels about as powerful as liquid fuels have (95) their appearance, and it is a favorite layperson’s question to (96) which one is "better". The question is meaningless. (97) might as well ask whether a gasoline or a diesel engine is "better". It all (98) on the purpose. A liquid-fuel rocket is complicated, (99) has the advantage that it can be controlled beautifully. The burning of the rocket engine can be stopped completely; it can be reignited when (100) . (101) , the thrust can be made to vary by adjusting the speed of the fuel pumps. A solid-fuel rocket, on the other hand, is rather (102) in construction, (103) hard to build when a really (104) size is desired. But once you have a solid-fuel rocket, it is ready for action (105) very short notice. A liquid-fuel rocket has to be fueled first and cannot be (106) readiness for very long after it has been fueled. (107) , once a solid-fuel rocket has been ignited, it will keep burning. It cannot be stopped and reignited (108) desired (it could conceivably be stopped and reignited after a pre-calculated time of burning has elapsed, and its thrust cannot be varied. Because a solid-fuel rocket can be kept ready for a long time, most military missiles (109) solid fuels, but human-piloted spaceflight needs the fine adjustments that can (110) be provided by liquid fuels.

A.came with

B.showed

C.made

D.effected

答案

参考答案:C

解析: make one’s appearance是一个词组,即“出现”。

单项选择题

阅读下面短文,回答下 * * 道题。
在航天技术日益发展的21世纪,利用太空的特殊环境,制造真正的灵丹妙药以攻克威胁地球人的不治之症,不是无稽之谈。目前,激素、酶、抗体类特效药制剂都是通过选用哺乳动物细胞进行培养制取的,而在体外培养大量活细胞难度非常大。要使大量的细胞脱离原体后仍有生命功能,必须使它们依附他物,而且细胞之间互不干扰。没有可依附的物体表面,这些细胞不能存活,便谈不到制取有价值的生物制剂。生物学家通常让“培养细胞”分散依附在直径小于百万分之一英寸的特制塑料小球表面,将小球置于有培养介质液的罐中,使之吸收介质中的营养并进行新陈代谢。但是,在地球重力作用下,小球往往会沉降,依附在球面上的细胞也会“叠罗汉”,下层的细胞在成为饿殍的过程中产生着毒素,上层的细胞则因兼容并蓄而前景堪忧。
如果在太空中,上述情况便会发生逆转。失重,会使“培养细胞”保持旺盛的活力。失重环境最利于生物物质的分离与提纯。生物学家和医药学家最感兴趣的电泳技术的作用在未来的太空制药厂里可以得到尽如人意的发挥。电泳技术是将质量和电荷的比值不同的粒子在电场中分离的一种方法。利用这种方法既可分离不同组分的混合物,又能分离细胞和蛋白质,甚至从“衰老”的细胞群中分离“年轻”的细胞。在地面上,所有粒子都会同时受到电场力和重力的作用,电泳操作难度极大。当电力培养细胞或培养介质受热时,对流和沉淀现象将并发(往往以一种现象为主,如重力大于电场力,沉淀就将起主要作用)。对流或沉淀都会使已经分离的组分重新混合。克服此弊,需要创造失重环境。在“阿波罗一联盟”号飞船实验室中进行的电泳分离试验非常成功,从大约5%的肾细胞中分离出尿激素,其分离效率是地面上的6~10倍,而且质量极好。这种在地面上难以提取的尿激素是溶解血栓或凝血的特效药。航天飞机投入使用后,在机内空间实验室中多次进行了电泳试验,成功地从血浆中分离出激素、酶和蛋白质。太空生物制品专家K·威斯指出,在太窄实验室利用电泳技术生产血浆蛋白的效率要比地球上高700倍。
发展太空制药业或生物制品的前景是非常广阔的。疫苗制品的生产,人体细胞和白蛋白的提纯与制造,血红细胞生成素的配置……都可能成为高科技、高盈利的生产项目。有人估计,仅疫苗一项,每年的经济收益将超过15亿美元。更重要的是,地球上数以百万计的“绝症”患者也会因太空的灵丹妙药而起死回生。

属于成功利用电泳技术所作出的分离的一项是______。

A.分离不同组分的混合物

B.从“衰老”的细胞群中分离“年轻”的细胞

C.人体细胞和白蛋白的提纯与制造

D.从血浆中分离出激素、酶和蛋白质

填空题 案例分析题