问题 综合

太阳辐射是地表能量的源泉。太阳能利用是能源开发的重要领域。分析图表,完成下列各题。

表:海平面太阳辐射日总量(×4.8 kJ·cm2/年)

 春分夏至秋分冬至
90°01 09300
60°45399444551
40°6961 007585325
20°855950842615
910802897856
20°8565768441 014
40°6983046901 074
60°457484521 061
90°0001 166
(1)据表分析,春分日太阳辐射量的空间分布规律是_____________;影响其分布的最主要因素是__________。

(2)夏至日的北极较冬至日的南极获得的太阳辐射日总量少______________太阳偏射日总量(×4.8 kJ·cm2/年),从日地距离和下垫面两个方面简析其原因。

(3)由下图可知,我国东部35°N以南地区年太阳辐射总量比全球同纬度地区平均值少,简析其原因。

(4)我国30°N西部地区与东部地区相比,太阳辐射总量大,而气温却低,简述其原因。

答案

(1)从赤道向两极递减 太阳高度

(2)73 从日地距离看,夏至日时,地球处于绕日公转的远日点附近,获得的太阳热量较少;冬至日时,地球运行到近日点附近,获得的太阳热量较多。从下垫面性质看,北极地区是海洋,上空水汽多,云量大;而南极是大陆。

(3)我国东部南方地区大致在北回归线附近,受季风气候影响,降水多,对太阳辐射削弱强。

(4)我国西部为青藏高原,海拔高,空气稀薄;气候干旱,晴天多,对太阳辐射削弱较小,所以地面得到的太阳辐射总量比东部大;但由于西部海拔高,空气稀薄,吸收地面辐射少,大气的保温作用更弱,所以西部地区气温较东部低。

(1)春分日太阳辐射的空间分布规律从表格中判断即可。

(2)夏至日的北极较冬至日的南极获得的太阳辐射日总量差异读表格计算得出,与影响太阳辐射的因素有关,本题从日地距离和下垫面两个方面来分析。

(3)我国东部35°N以南地区年太阳辐射总量比全球同纬度地区平均值少与影响太阳辐射的云量多少有关。

(4)我国30°N西部地区与东部地区相比,大气稀薄,得到太阳辐射总量大,而气温却低,主要原因是大气的热源是地面,由于空气稀薄,吸收地面辐射能力弱造成的。

填空题
单项选择题

Now which are the animals really to be pitied in captivity First, those clever beings whose lively urge for activity can find no outlet behind the bars of the cage. This is most conspicuous, even for the uninitiated, in the case of animals which, when living in a free state, are accustomed to roaming about widely. Owing to this frustrated desire, foxes and wolves housed, in many old-fashioned zoos, in cages which are far too small, are among the most pitiable of all caged animals.
Though pinioned swans generally seem happy, under proper care, by hatching and rearing their young without any trouble, at migration time things become different: they repeatedly swim to the lee side of the pond, in order to have the whole extent of its surface at their disposal, trying to take off. Again and again the grand preparations end in a pathetic flutter of their half wings ; a truly sorry picture !
This, however, rarely awakens the pity of the zoo visitor, least of all when such an originally highly intelligent and mentally alert animal has deteriorated, in confinement, into a crazy idiot, a very caricature of its former self. Sentimental old ladies, the fanatical sponsors of the societies for Prevention of Cruelty to Animals, have no compunction in keeping a grey parrot in a relatively small cage or even chained to a perch. Together with the large corvines, the parrots are probably the only birds which suffer from that state of mind, common to prisoners, namely, boredom.

What is an "outlet" in the context of this passage

A. An opportunity for expression.
B. A place to let.
C. A chance of escape into a wood.
D. An exit for a marketer.