问题 单项选择题

美国科学家声称,每个人生来有两个脑,即颅脑与肠脑。
肠脑位于食管、胃脏、小肠与结肠内层组织的鞘中,含有神经细胞、神经传递质、蛋白质和复杂的环行线路。结肠炎、过敏性肠综合征等都与肠脑内产生的问题有关。肠脑中几乎能找到颅脑赖以运转和控制的所有物质,如血清素、多巴胺、谷氨酸、去甲肾上腺素、一氧化氮等。此外,肠脑中还存在多种被称为神经肽的脑蛋白、脑啡肽以及对神经起显著作用的化学物质。
颅脑面临惊恐时释出的应激激素会冲击胃脏以生痉挛;惊恐又引起交感神经影响肠脑的血清素分泌量。应激激素的过分刺激还会导致腹泻。当情绪压抑时,食管神经受到高度刺激会感到吞咽困难;颅脑释出的应激激素还会改变胃脏与食管间的神经功能,导致胃灼热。
最初的脑神经系统起始于管形动物,生存竞争需要更复杂的颅脑,从而发展了中枢神经系统。重要的肠神经系统不能进入头颅与胃肠相连,而为了适应高级动物进食和消化的需要,自然法则就保存了有独立功能的肠神经系统。就人而言,早期胚胎发育中产生的神经脊,一部分进入了中枢神经系统,另一部分变成肠神经系统,通过迷走神经连接两者——颅脑和肠脑。

根据文意,对“肠脑中几乎能够找到颅脑赖以运转和控制的所有物质”一句,理解正确的一项是:

A.肠脑中具有与颅脑赖以运转和控制所需相同的绝大部分物质。
B.颅脑依赖肠脑中的绝大部分物质进行运转和控制活动。
C.颅脑赖以运转和控制的绝大部分物质存在于肠脑之中。
D.肠脑中所有的物质与颅脑赖以运转和控制的物质几乎相同。

答案

参考答案:A

解析: B、C项的说法是不科学的,颅腔并不一定依赖肠脑的大部分物质进行运转和控制。D项否认了肠脑中除了颅脑赖以运转和控制的物质之外还有其他的物质。

填空题
阅读理解

阅读(共两节,满分40分)

阅读理解(共15小题,每小题2分,满分30分)

阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A , B , C , 和 D中,选出最佳选项。

A

Tony Bennett, the American singer recenlty touring Britain, can’t remember how many times he has sung his standard hit “I left My Heart in San Fransisco”. He sang it again to his audience at the London Palladium last night.

“I never get tired of singing it.” He said. “I like ti too much . It’s a great city and it’s a good song.”

Bennet is to record a TV special with American singer Lens Home while he is here. And a new LP recorded by him in London for Philips titled Listen Easy”will be published in June.”I like it here.” He added quietly over whiskey. “I would like to live here so many months of the year.”

He already keeps a large flat in Grosenor Square, where he is staying with his actress wife Sandie Grant and their three-year-old daughter Joanna. It has a studio where he likes to paint. Tony plans to have his first exhibition later in the year and he has already sold one picture for $4000. At the end of the year Tony is to star in a musical film , which has been specially written for him called “Two Bits”, an informal expresson for 50 cents. It’s about an Italian immigrant who goes to America ,but he becomes a failure.

“In many ways it’s very close to my life the way the story has been written,” said Bennett. “My father, an Italian ,was ill and died when I was nine.He always wanted me to sing, but he never lived long enough to be a part of my success.

41. The underlined phrase “standard hit” most nearly means______

A. Bennett’s favourite song but is’s not very popular.       

B. a song that is always popular

C. a song which makes hm standard    

D. a song which is like a heavy blow to his audience

42. What does tony Bennett want to do?

A. Buy a house and live in England.    B. Stay with his wife and daughter in England.

C. Live part of each year in England    D. Leave American and setle in England

43. What’s Tonny’s hobby?

A. Singing            B. Drinking           C. Playing            D. Painting

44. What can we learn about Tony’s father from this passage?

A. He liked his son’s singing.

B. He was born in Italy and died when Tonny Bennett was a small boy

C. He was a part of Bennett’s achievement

D. He was glad that his son became famous.

45. What kind of man is Tonny Bennett

A. hardworking and humours                     B. family-centered and hardworking

C. enthusiastic and kindly                    D. ambitious and trustworthy