问题 阅读理解与欣赏

阅读下文,完成文后各题。

断爱近涅磐--林清玄

1、有人说过年是“年关”,年纪愈长,愈觉得过年是一个关卡;它仿佛是两岸峭壁,中间只有一条小小的缝,下面则水流湍急,顺着那岁月的河流往前推移,旧的一年就在那湍急的水势中没顶了。

2、每当年节一到,我就会忆起幼年过年的种种情景。几乎在二十岁以前,每到冬至一过,便怀着亢奋的心情期待过年,好像一棵嫩绿的青草等待着开花,然后是放假了,一颗心野到天边去,接着是围炉的温暖,鞭炮的响亮,厚厚的一叠压岁钱,和兄弟们吆喝聚赌的喧哗。然而最快乐的是,眼明明的看见自己长大了一岁,那种心情像眼看着自己是就要出巢的乳燕。

3、过了二十岁以后,过年显著的不同了。会在围炉过后的守夜里,一个人闷闷地饮着烧酒,想起一年来的种种,开始有了人世的挫折,开始面临情感的变异,开始知道了除去快乐,年间还有忧心。有时看到父母赶在除夕前还到处去张罗过年的花用,或者眼看收成不好,农人们还强笑着准备过一个新年,都使我开始知道年也有难过的时候。

4、过了二十五,过了三十,年岁真是连再重的压岁钱也压不住,过年时节恰正是前尘往事却上心头的时节,开始知道了命运,好像命运已经铺设了许多陷阶,我们只是一步一步地向前走去,有许多喜爱的事时机一到必须割舍,有许多痛恨的事也会自然消失,走快走慢都无妨,年还是一个接一个来,生命还是一点一滴的在消失。

5、最难消受的还是,不管我的心情如何,挂在墙上的壁钟总是在除夕夜的十二点猛力地摇着钟摆,敲出清亮或者低沉的十二个响声,那样无情,又那样绝然,每到过年,我总也想起和钟臂角力的事,希望让它向后转,可是办不到,于是我醉酒,然后痛下决心:一定要把一年当两年用,把二十四小时当四十八小时来用。

6、想起去年的过年,我吃过年夜饭,在书房里走来走去,想找一本书看,不知道为什么随手拿起一本佛经,读到了有情生死流转的过程,其中有一段讲到“渴爱”的,竟与过年的心情冥然相合。它说渴爱有三,一是欲爱,是感官享受的渴求;二是有爱,是生与存的渴求;三是无有爱,是不再存在的渴求。我觉得二十岁以前过年是前两者,二十岁以后是第三者。

7、那本佛经里当然也讲到“涅盘”,它不用吉祥,善良、安全、清净、皈依、彼岸、和平、宁静来正面说涅盘,而说了一句“断爱近涅盘”。这是何等的境界,一个人能随时随地断绝自己的渴爱,绝处逢生,涅盘自然就在眼前,旧年换新恐怕也是一种断爱吧。

8、释迦牟尼说法时,曾举了一个譬喻来讲“断爱”,他说:“有人在旅行时遇到一片大水,这边岸上充满危机,水的对岸则安全无险,他想:‘此水甚大,此岸危机重重,彼岸则无险,无船可渡,无桥可行,我不免采集草木枝叶,自做一筏,当得安登彼岸。’于是那人采集草木枝叶做了一只木筏,靠着木筏,他安然抵达对岸,他就想:‘此筏对我大有助益,我不妨将它顶在头上,或负于背上,随我所之。’”

9、举了这个例子以后,释迦牟尼指出这人的行为是错误的,因为他不能断爱,那么他应该如何处置呢?佛陀说:“应该将筏拖到沙滩,或停泊某处,由它浮着,然后继续行程,不问何之。因为筏是用来济渡的,不是用来背负的,世人呀!你们应该明白好的东西尚应舍弃,何况是不好的东西呢?”

10、涅盘真的不远,如果能在年节时候,少一点怀念,少一点忆旧,少一点追悔,少一点婆婆妈妈,那么穿过峭壁、踩过水势,开阔的天空就在眼前了。

小题1:、如何理解第二段中画线部分的含义。(4分)

小题2:作者为何用大量篇幅回忆二十岁以前、二十岁以后过年的心情?(6分)

小题3:请简要概述作者对“断爱近涅磐”的认识。(6分)

小题4:第5段“敲出清亮或者低沉的十二个响声”句中“清亮或者低沉”的说法是否矛盾?为什么?(4分)

答案

小题1:运用了比喻的修辞手法。(2分)生动地表达出二十岁以前“我”过年时亢奋、快乐的心情和渴望长大、希望远行的思想。(2分)

小题2:为下文的抒情议论张本、铺垫,引出“断爱近涅磐”的主旨;(3分)二十岁前和二十岁后过年时心情的强烈对比,突出“断爱”的重要性。(3分)

小题3:一个人如果能随时随地断绝自己的渴爱,就会绝处逢生;过年时如果能少一些怀念、忆旧、追悔和婆婆妈妈就能感受到快乐;如果能在有限的时间内勇于断爱就有可能取得可喜的成绩。(每点2分,共6分)

小题4:不矛盾。因为心情不同,钟声给人的感受也不同:二十岁前怀着亢奋的心情过年,钟声听起来清亮;二十岁以后怀着忧虑的心情过年,钟声听起来低沉。(4分)

小题1:无

小题2:无

小题3:无

小题4:无

阅读理解

阅读理解。

     A famous teacher was speaking to the students at our school. He began his lesson by holding up a

£100 bill. Then he said to the three hundred students, "Who would like to have this £100 bill?" The

students began to put up their hands at once.

     Then he said, "I am going to give this bill to one of you, but first, let me do this." He then made this

bill into a ball. Then he said, "Who wants it?" Hands went into the air.

     "Well," he said, "What if I do this?" and he dropped it on the floor and stepped on it. He picked up the

dirty, crumpled bill and said, "Who still wants it?" Hands went back into the air.

     "My friends," he said, "You've learned a valued lesson today. No matter what I did to the money, you

still wanted it because it didn't go down in value. It was still worth £100.

     Many times in our lives, we're dropped, crumpled, and stepped on by the chances we take and the

things that happen to us. We feel as if we are worth nothing. But remember, no matter what has happened

to you, you will never lose your value: you are always valuable to those who love you. Your value doesn't

come from what you drop or whom you know,but WHO YOU ARE.

     You are special and valuable. Don't ever forget it!

1. The story happened ______.

A. when the teacher gave the students some advice on how to learn English.

B. when the students were having a meeting.

C. when the teacher gave the students a speech.

D. when the students were discussing something interesting with their teachers.

2. Even though the money was dirty, it _______.

A. went up in value

B. was worth much

C. didn't reduce in value

D. was still ours

3. The underlined sentence in the third paragraph means_______.

A. the students put up their hands again.

B. the students put down their hands.

C. the students agreed to what the teacher said

D. the students put their hands in front of them

4. Why did the famous teacher use a £100 at his lesson?

A. Because he wanted to give a lecture about money.

B. Because he was used to dropping a bill on the floor and stepping on it.

C. Because he was going to give the bill to one of the students.

D. Because he wanted to make the students know what the value was.

5. What lesson can you learn from the passage?

A.£100 bill is worth the same no matter what you do with it .

B. All people love money most.

C. Your value doesn't change no matter what happens to you.

D. The value of money changes when it is made dirty.

单项选择题