问题 问答题

请简单阐述教育科学研究方法的内涵及特点。

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参考答案:

解析:教育科学研究方法是科学方法在教育领域的具体表现。 (1)教育科学研究方法的内涵 教育科学研究方法是以教育现象为对象,以科学方法为手段,遵循一定的研究程序,以获得教育科学规律性知识为目标,有组织、有计划、有系统地进行教育研究和构建教育理论的一整套系统研究过程。 教育科学研究方法是一种科学的方法。所谓科学方法是指人们在认识和改造世界的实践活动中总结出来的正确的思维和行为方式,包括收集信息、观察分析、科学假说、实验等。科学方法可分为三个层次:一是最高层次的方法——哲学方法;二是中间层次的方法——科学研究的一般方法,如科学观察方法、科学实验方法和科学调查方法;三是基础层次的方法——适于某学科的特殊研究方法。科学的思维方法,主要包括形象思维和逻辑思维。掌握科学方法,是人们认识世界和改造世界的前提。 (2)教育科学研究方法的特性 教育科学研究既有一般研究方法的特点,又有区别于自然科学、思维科学研究的独特性。 ①一般研究方法的特点。教育科学研究方法具有一般研究方法的特点,即教育研究与其他研究的共性。 首先,研究的目的都在于探索规律,以解决重要的理论与实践问题为导向。 其次,都有科学假设和对研究问题的陈述,研究的问题有明确的目标和可供检查的指标;有科学的研究设计,准确系统的观察记录和分析,并搜集可靠的资料数据。 再次,都强调方法的科学性。它是运用一定的科学方法,遵循一定的科学研究程序,有目的、有计划的认识活动。因此,方法本身是可辨认的,运用过程和研究结果是可检验的,研究结果要回到实践中检验。 最后,都具有创造性。对原有的理论体系、思维方式及研究方法有所突破,这是研究最重要的特点。 ②教育科学研究的独特性。教育科学研究具有区别于自然科学、思维科学研究的独特性,主要表现在:带有很强的综合性和整体性;研究的周期较长;针对性、实践性强;教育科研工作者与实践工作者积极参与,有广泛的群众基础。

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二、完形填空(2分×15=30分)

Charlie Chaplin was the first international star of the modern art of movies. He was especially beloved for his Little Tramp  21 . He was the first screen artist to write,  22  and perform in his own films; in fact, in some cases, Charlie Chaplin even wrote the music for his movies. He was also the first artist to use his work to pass a  23  of equality and justice(正义) for all —  24  for the "little guy". Charlie Chaplin's career and life made  25  the first global icon (偶像); his too-small hat, his too large shoes and his trademark moustache were instantly recognized by audiences from Chicago to China, from Iowa City to India. And they  26  are today. All of these make Charlie Chaplin the first citizen of our global village.

Chaplin, a native of London, was born in 27  on April 16, 1889 to music hall performers. Chaplin only saw his 28  twice until the age of seven. The man 29  him and his mother about a year after Chaplin was 30 . During Chaplin's earliest years, his mother was a(n) 31  and performer. Then her voice gave out, her stage career 32 , and she began actively attending Church of England services. At the age of  33 , Chaplin's mother was considered as the insane and sent to Cane Hill lunatic asylum (疯人院), and the court sent Charlie and his brother to live with his father, 34  had by then stopped all payments of child support.

Charlie Chaplin lived with his father only a short time 35  his mother was released from the lunatic asylum and then picked up Charlie and his brother, to live with her once again.

21. A. character                B. behaviour       C. personality    D. gentleman

22. A. act                     B. shoot            C. direct                  D. edit

23. A. possibility      B. message            C. culture            D. promise

24. A. generally        B. widely            C. especially        D. totally

25. A. him             B. them             C. us              D. it

26. A. really                   B. still               C. always                  D. ever

27. A. happiness         B. luck                   C. poverty          D. peace

28. A. brother         B. teacher        C. mother       D. father

29. A. taught             B. left               C. loved                D. expected

30. A. born            B. young            C. ill             D. old

31. A. actor             B. artist              C. dancer            D. singer

32. A. ended           B. began           C. broke             D. continued

33. A. eight           B. seven           C. nine            D. ten

34. A. which           B. what          C. he              D. who

35. A. then            B. when          C. before          D. until

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