问题 问答题

邓 * * 在《完整地准确地理解毛 * * 思想》一文中指出:“把列宁的建党学说发展得最完备的是毛 * * 同志。……毛 * * 同志对于建立一个什么样的党,党的指导思想是什么,党的作风是什么,都有完整的一套。”请根据邓 * * 这段科学论述,分析说明新民主主义革命时期以毛 * * 为代表的中 * * 党人关于党的建设的基本经验及其现实意义。

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参考答案:

解析:(1)在农村和战争环境中,把绝大多数党员来自农民的中 * * 党建设成为中国工人阶级的先锋队,保持党的先进性的基本经验:第一,看一个政党是否先进,是不是工人阶级先锋队,主要应看它的理论和纲领是不是马克思主义的,是不是代表社会发展的正确方向,是不是代表最广大人民的根本利益。第二,我们党是马克思列宁主义与中国工人运动相结合的产物。工人阶级的形成是建党的根本条件。第三,民主革命时期,由于当时中国社会的特点,我们党的绝大多数党员来自农民和其他劳动者,也有不少来自知识分子,还有来自非劳动者阶级层的革命分子。但是,我们党的理论和纲领是马克思主义的,代表了中国社会发展的正确方向,我们党高度重视在思想上建党,坚持用马克思主义理论教育和武装全体党员,不仅要求党员在组织入党,而且要求党员首先在思想上入党,指导他们为实现党的纲领和任务而奋斗,因而保持了党的工人阶级先锋队性质。 (2)着重从思想上建党:第一,强调从思想上建党是毛 * * 的马克思主义建党学说的重要内容和显著特点。第二,进行马列主义的思想教育,克服党内各种非无产阶级思想,这是中 * * 党能够保持工人阶级先锋队性质,不断提高战斗力的重要保证。 (3)坚持党的民主集中制原则:第一,民主集中制是中 * * 党根本的组织原则:第二,民主集中制是群众路线在党内生活运用;第三,民主集中制既要求扩大党内民主,又要求加强党的纪律,做到个人服从组织,少数服从多数,下级服从上级,全党服从中央。 (4)保持和发扬党的优良传统和作风:第一,党的优良传统之一就是把党的建设同党的政治路线密切联系。第二,强调党的作风建设,并把它提到世界观和党性原则的高度。毛 * * 在中共七大《论联合政府》报告中概括了党的三大优良作风:理论和实践相结合,和人民群众紧密联系, 自我批评。三大作风互相联系,互相促进,不可分割,是中 * * 党显著区别于其它政党主要标志。 (5)正确处理党内矛盾和开展党内斗争:第一,毛 * * 认为党内矛盾“是社会上的阶级矛盾和新旧事物矛盾在党内的反映”,因此不能把党内矛盾等同于阶级矛盾、敌我矛盾。第二,刘 * * 认为党内斗争的性质“是思想原则上的分歧与对立”,因此“基本上还是一种思想斗争”。 (6)整风是进行马克思主义教育的好形式:第一,延安整风运动内容:反对主观主义以整顿学风,这是中心任务;反对宗派主义以整顿党风;反对党八股以整顿文风。第二,延安整风运动方针:惩前毖后,治病救人,通过团结——批评——团结,达到既要弄清思想,又要团结同志的目的。 (7)现实意义:新民主主义革命时期中 * * 党建设的这些宝贵的历史经验对当前加强执政党建设具有非常重要的借鉴意义。我们要以“三个代表”思想为指导,搞好党的思想、组织、政治、作风等方面的建设。继续保持艰苦奋斗的作风,全心全意为人民服务,加强党内外监督,反对官僚主义,克服腐败,使我党永远立于不败之地。

单项选择题
阅读理解

阅读理解。

     It is natural that children are curious (好奇的) about the world around them. For example, they want to

know how their hearts beat. They want to know why the ocean water tastes salty.  

     As children grow up, they become curious about different kinds of things. When they are babies, they

are interested in the parts of their bodies and in the smiles of their mothers. They become interested in the

physical world around them: the plants, the animals, the sky. Later, they become interested in the things that

people have made: wheels, bicycles, cars. And when they are adults, their curiosity continues. Sometimes this

curiosity leads to a career (生涯、职业) in science.  

     Scientists spend their lives trying to find out about the world. Those who work with the earth sciences

study the earth, the oceans, and the sky. Other scientists who study living things work with the biological

sciences. A third group of scientists study the physical sciences, e.g. physics, chemistry.  

     These scientists have already discovered a lot about our world. For example, they tell us why your heart

beats fast when you run. They say that when you are quiet, your heart normally beats sixty-five or seventy-

five times a minute. Your heart is a pump (泵) that pumps blood to all parts of the body. The blood carries

oxygen and nutrition. When you run, your muscles work very hard and use the nutrition that the blood carries

to them. The muscles need oxygen, too. So your brain sends a signal to the heart. The signal means that the

muscles need more nutrition and oxygen. Then the heart beats fast and sends blood quickly to the muscles.

It may beat 90 to 140 times a minute.  

     Of course, scientists cannot answer all of our questions. If we ask, "Why does the ocean water taste

salty" scientists will say that the salt comes from rocks. When a rock gets very hot or very cold, it cracks.

Rain falls into cracks. The rain then carries the salt into the earth and into the rivers. The rivers carry the salt

into the ocean. But then we ask, "What happens to the salt in the ocean? The ocean does not get saltier every

year." Scientists are not sure about the answer to this question.  

      We know a lot about our world, but there are still many answers that we do not have, and we are curious.

1. According to the passage, which of the following statements is true? [ ]

A. People are curious in the same way.  

B. People in different countries are interested in different things.  

C. Men and women are curious about different things.  

D. People of different ages are interested in different things

2. Scientists who work with the biological sciences study ____. [ ]

A. the earth, the oceans and the sky

B. man-made things

C. plants and animals

D. ocean water

3. When you run, your muscles need ____. [ ]

A. more nutrition and oxygen

B. more signals

C. more salt

D. water

4. People are always curious because ____. [ ]

A. they cannot explain many things

B. they know nothing about the world

C. they know little about the world

D. they want to be scientists