问题 问答题

论述审美主体在审美活动中的精神存在特征。

答案

参考答案:主体在审美活动中的精神存在特征主要体现在惊异、体验和澄明三个基本环节及其起伏运动的状态中。
(1)惊异:从日常生活中的跃出。
具体说来,审美的惊异主要有两个特点:①审美惊异不是一种理性的求知欲,而是一种鲜活的生命感。②审美惊异的产生既依赖于主体一定的自身条件,也依赖于对象本身一定的客观条件。
(2)体验:沉浸在与对象直接的相处中。
审美体验就是主体在具体审美活动中被具有某种独特性质的客体对象所深深吸引,情不自禁地对之进行领悟、体味、咀嚼,以至于陶醉其中,心灵受到摇荡和震撼的一种独特的精神状态。
(3)澄明:走向本真的世界。
只有在审美中人才以完整的“我”与完整的世界直接相遇,人与世界之间的一切遮蔽、晦暗不明均被敞开,从而使主体进入一种光亮无蔽的澄明之境,一种最高的生存状态。

单项选择题
阅读理解

WASHINGTON – Barack Obama swept to victory as the first black president in the US history Tuesday night in an electoral college landslide that overcame racial barriers as old as America itself. "Change has come," he told a huge group of cheering supporters.

In his first speech as victor, Obama catalogued the challenges ahead. "The greatest of a lifetime," he said, "two wars, a planet in danger, the worst financial crisis in a century."

He added, "There are many who won't agree with every decision or policy I make as president, and we know that government can't solve every problem. But I will always be honest with you about the challenges we face."

The son of a black father from Kenya and a white mother from Kansas, the Democratic senator from Illinois sealed his historic triumph by defeating Republican Sen. John McCain in a string of wins in hard-fought battleground states -- Ohio, Florida, Virginia, Iowa and more.

In his speech, Obama invoked (引用) the words of Lincoln and echoed John F. Kennedy.

"So let us summon a new spirit of patriotism, of service and responsibility where each of us resolves to pitch in (努力投入) and work harder," he said.

He and his running mate, Joseph Biden of Delaware, will take their oaths(宣誓)of office as president and vice president on Jan. 20, 2009.

Obama will move into the Oval Office as leader of a country that is almost certainly in recession (不景气), and fighting two long wars, one in Iraq, the other in Afghanistan.

Obama has said his first order of presidential business will be to tackle the economy. He has also pledged to withdraw most US combat troops from Iraq within 16 months.

小题1:What is special about Barack Obama, the newly-elected president of the United States?

A.He has a black father and a white mother.

B.He is the first black president in the US history.

C.He defeated Republican Sen. John McCain easily.

D.He will move into the White Palace on Jan. 20, 2009.小题2:What Obama emphasized in his first speech were ________.

A.dangers

B.wars

C.challenges

D.financial problems小题3:The first issue Obama will focus his attention on may probably be to ________.

A.withdraw most US combat troops from Iraq

B.care for environmental protection

C.declare two wars in Iraq and Afghanistan

D.deal with the problems of economy小题4:According to the passage, Obama’s attitude toward the challenges he faces is ________.  

A.positive

B.negative

C.ambiguous

D.worried