问题 问答题

1.任务概况
沿海某市为了港口建设,需要对甲地到乙地距海岸线10km水域进行水下地形测量。获取1:1万的水下地形图。
2.指标要求
(1)平面坐标系统:城市坐标系,高斯投影,3°分带。
(2)高程系统:1985国家高程基准,当地理论深度基准面。
(3)测图比例尺:测图比例尺为1:1万,等深线间距1m。
(4)精度要求:定位精度要求2m,测深精度要求0.3%水深,交叉点测深不符值均方根要求小于0.5m。
3.现有资料
(1)市区的1:1万的地形图;
(2)测区附近有4个三等GPS控制点;
(3)测区附近有3个二等水准点。
4.设备
水下地形测量采用的设备如下。
(1)定位设备(GPS):根据测量比例尺、精度和测量环境采用信标GPS接收机。
(2)测深设备:应根据要求采用单波束、多波束测深设备。
(3)声速测量:应该根据水深以及区域温度、盐度变化采用声速剖面仪。
(4)验潮仪:对于需要架设临时验潮站的情况,可采用水尺验潮、波潮流仪、压力式验潮计。
(5)水准测量:水准仪或者全站仪。
(6)其他辅助设备:为实现精确测深,可考虑在测深中配备姿态传感器和光线罗经等辅助设备,辅助设备还包括计算机、发电机等其他设备。
问题:

简述海洋工程测量的主要内容。

答案

参考答案:海洋工程地形测量的主要内容如下:
(1)建立平面和高程控制基础;
(2)水位观测,确定1985国家高程基准、理论深度基准面与当地平均海面的关系,计算水深测量时的水位改正值;
(3)海底地形测绘;
(4)海底微地貌测绘;
(5)海底表面障碍物探测;
(6)海岸、岛礁地形测绘。

完形填空

阅读理解。

     New York is a very large city with 8 million people. How do so many people move about the city on their

way to work and school? So, we should know something about its transport.

     In New York you can travel about the city by subway, bus, taxi and car. The subway runs on the railroad

lines under the city. It crosses the city at different points and goes to all parts of the city. Traveling by subway

is the fastest way to get around the city.

     The second way to travel around the city is by public bus. It's a slower way to travel. This is because the

bus moves in road traffic which is often heavy.

     You can also travel around the city by taxi. This is the most expensive way, but the taxi will take you to the

very place you wish to go to. If traffic is heavy, the taxi will be slow. During the mornings and afternoons,

there is the "rush hour". This is the time when the traffic is very heavy with people going to and from work.

     The last way to get around New York is using your own car. However, it's not easy for you to drive,

especially when you are driving in the "rush hour". If there is an accident on the road, you will have to wait for

a long time.

     The best time to travel around the city is from 9 a.m. to 4 a. m. This is the time after the morning "rush

hour" and before the evening "rush hour". Traffic will be less crowed because most people are already at

school or at work.

1. The text is mainly about _____.

A. the weather of New York

B. the transport in New York

C. the people in New York

D. traffic accidents in New York

2. The fastest way to travel in New York is by _____.

A. subway

B. taxi

C. bus

D. car

3. The most expensive way to travel in New York is by _____.

A. subway

B. taxi

C. bus

D. car

4. The phrase "rush hour" in the fourth paragraph means "_____" in Chinese.

A. 比赛中的冲刺时刻

B. 一小时内所跑的路程

C. (上下班)交通高峰时刻

D. 匆匆忙忙的一小时

5. It you travel around New York in your own car, which of the following is the best time?

A. From 8 a. m. to 10 a. m.

B. From 3 p. m. to 5 p. m.

C. From 10 a. m. to 5 p. m.

D. From 10 a. m. to 3 p. m.

多项选择题