问题 问答题 简答题

经济管理方法的特性有哪些?

答案

参考答案:

第一,利益性:是指经济管理方法必须符合社会主义物质利益原则,即要把劳动集体及个人的物质利益与其工作成果相联系,使教师富有成效的工作获得相应的物质利益,以实现调动其积极性的目的。

第二,灵活性:针对不同的管理对象,经济手段可以灵活地变通;即使对于同一管理对象,在不同的情况下也可以采用不用的方式,以体现其合理性。

第三,平等性:各种经济手段的运用对于相同的情况起同样的效力,不允许有特殊。

第四,调节性:在学校宏观管理中,经济管理方法表现为学校运用各种经济杠杆来制约学校的整体活动,提高学校的管理水平,使学校为社会发展服务,合乎学校整体的目的和要求。在微观管理中,经济管理方法表现为学校通过各种经济手段来制约和调节学校成员的活动。

单项选择题

Opinion polls are now beginning to show that, whoever is to blame and whatever happens from now on, high unemployment is probably here to stay. This means we shall have to find ways of sharing the available employment more widely.
But we need to go further. We must ask some fundamental questions about the future work. Should we continue to treat employment as the norm Should we not rather encourage many ways for self-respecting people to work Should we not create conditions in which many of us can work for ourselves, rather than for an employer Should we not aim to revive the household and the neighborhood, as well as the factory and the office, as centers of production and work
The industrial age has been the only period of human history in which most people’s work has taken the form of jobs. The industrial age may now be coming to an end, and some of the changes in work patterns which it brought may have to be reversed. This seems a daunting thought. But, in fact, it could offer the prospect of a better future for work. Universal employment, as its history shows, has not meant economic freedom.
Employment became widespread when the enclosures of the 17th and 18th centuries made many people dependent on paid work by depriving them of the use of the land, and thus of the means to provide a living for themselves. Then the factory system destroyed the cottage industries and removed work from people’s homes. Later, as transport improved first by rail and then by road, people commuted longer distances to their places of employment until, eventually, many people’s work lost all connection with their home lives and the places in which they live.
Meanwhile, employment put women at a disadvantage. In preindustrial times, men and women had shared the productive work of the household and village community. Now it became customary for the husband to go out to paid employment, leaving the unpaid work of the home and families to his wife. Tax and benefit regulations still assume this norm today, and restrict more flexible sharing of work roles between the sexes.
It was not only women whose work status suffered. As employment became the dominant form of work,young people and old people were excluded—a problem now,as more teenagers become frustrated at school and more retired people want to live active lives.
All this may now have to change.
The time has certainly come to switch some effort and resources away from the idealist goal crea- ting jobs for all, to the urgent practical task of helping many people to manage without full-time jobs.

Which of the ibllowing is NOT suggested as a possible means to cope with the current situation,9

A.Create situations in which people work for themselves.
B.Treat employment as the norm.
C.Endeavor to revive the household and the neighborhood as centers of production.
D.Encourage people to work in circumstances other than normal working conditions.

单项选择题