问题 探究题

小明做了以下电学实验:

如图a所示,将三个完全相同的小灯泡并联接在由干电池组成的电源两端,闭合开关S1,灯泡EL1发光,在依次闭合开关S2和S3,灯泡EL1逐渐变暗。小明对此现象进行了分析,灯泡变暗说明灯泡两端电压减小了,减小的电压谁分担了呢?

小明猜想这个干电池内部可能有电阻,干电池相当于一个电压U恒定的理想电源与一个电阻r的组合如图b所示,实验电路相当于并联的灯泡的总电阻R与干电池内部电阻r串联如图c所示,并联部分总电阻R变化时,干电池两端的电压也会发生变化。

我们假设他的猜想是正确的,请你从以下提供的器材中选择所需器材,设计一个电路,测出这个干电池内部的电阻r(提示:不能直接测量干电池内部电阻r两端的电压U,与理想电源的电压U)器材:电流表、电压表、滑动变阻器各一个,已知阻值的定值电阻两只(阻值不同),待测干电池1个,开关若干,导线若干。要求:

(1)在左边的方框中画出电路图(设计的电路在连接好后,只能通过开关改变电路连接情况)。

(2)写出干电池内部电阻r的表达式并说明表达式中各物理量的含义。

答案

(1)“略”

(2)r=(I1R1-I2R2)/(I2-I1

问答题 简答题
阅读理解

Life is difficult.

It is a great truth because once we truly understand and accept it, then life is no longer difficult.

Most do not fully see this truth. Instead they complain(抱怨) about their problems and difficulties as if life should be easy. It seems to them that difficulties stand for a special kind of suffering especially forced on them or else on their families, their class, or even their nation.

What makes life difficult is that the process of facing and solving problems is a painful one. Problems, depending on their nature, cause sadness, or loneliness(孤独) or regret or anger or fear.

These are uncomfortable feelings, often as painful as any kind of physical pain. And since life causes a lot of problems, life is always difficult and is full of pain as well as joy.

Yet, it is in this whole process of solving problems that life has its meaning. Problems are the serious test that tells us success from failure. When we want to encourage the growth of human spirit, we encourage the human ability to solve problems, just as in school we set problems for our children to solve. It is through the pain of meeting and working out problems that we learn. As Benjamin Franklin said, “Those things that hurt, instruct(指导).” It is for this reason that wise people learn not to fear but to welcome the pain of problems.

小题1:Which sentence best express the central point of the passage?

A.Problems and difficulties represent a special kind of suffering.

B.We become stronger by facing and solving problems of life.

C.Life is difficult because our problems bring us pain.

D.People like to complain about their problems.小题2:The writer probably used just one short sentence in the first paragraph to ___.

A.save space

B.persuade readers

C.make readers laugh

D.get readers’ attention小题3:The main idea of paragraph 3 is that _________.

A.most people feel life is easy

B.the writer feel life is easy

C.the writer likes to complain about his problems

D.most people complain about how hard their lives are小题4:According to the passage, we give school children difficult problems to solve in         order to ______.

A.encourage them to learn

B.teach them to fear the pain of solving the problems

C.help them learn to deal with pain

D.teach them how to respect problems小题5:The saying from Benjamin Franklin “Those things that hurt, instruct” suggests   that ______.

A.we do not learn from experience

B.we do not learn when we are in pain

C.pain teaches us important lessons

D.pain cannot be avoided