阅读理解。
It is easy for us to tell our friends from our enemies. But can other animals do the same? Elephants
can! They can use their sense of vision and smell to tell the difference between people who pose a threat
and those who do not.
In Kenya, researchers found that elephants react differently to clothing worn by men of the Maasai
and Kamba ethnic groups. Young Maasai men spear animals and thus pose a threat to elephants;
Kamba men are mainly farmers and are not a danger to elephants.
In an experiment conducted by animal scientists, elephants were first presented with clean clothing or
clothing that had been worn for five days by either a Maasai or a Kamba man. When the elephants
detected the smell of clothing worn by a Maasai man, they moved away from the smell faster and took
longer to relax than when they detected the smells of either clothing worn by Kamba men or clothing that
had not been worn at all.
Garment color also plays a role, though in a different way. In the same study, when the elephants saw
red clothing not worn before, they reacted angrily, as red is typically worn by Maasai men. Rather than
running away as they did with the smell, the elephants acted aggressively toward the red clothing.
The researchers believe that the elephants' emotional reactions are due to their different interpretations of the smells and the sights. Smelling a potential danger means that a threat is nearby and the best thing to
do is run away and hide. Seeing a potential threat without its smell means that risk is low. Therefore,
instead of showing fear and running away, the elephants express their anger and become aggressive.
1. According to the passage, which of the following statements is true about Kamba and Maasai people?
A. Maasai people are a threat to elephants.
B. Kamba people raise elephants for farming.
C. Both Kamba and Maasai people are elephant hunters.
D. Both Kamba and Maasai people traditionally wear red clothing.
2. How did the elephants react to smell in the study?
A. They attacked a man with the smell of new clothing.
B. They needed time to relax when smelling something unfamiliar.
C. They became anxious when they smelled Kamba-scented clothing.
D. They were frightened and ran away when they smelled their enemies.
3. What is the main idea of this passage?
A. Elephants use sight and smell to detect danger.
B. Elephants attack people who wear red clothing.
C. Scientists are now able to control elephants' emotions.
D. Some Kenyan tribes understand elephants' emotions very well.
