问题 实验题

(5分)根据下图回答下列有关关节的问题:

(1)图中的[③]是              ,[⑤]是       ,其表面覆盖有一 层光滑的[①]            ,可以减少运动时两骨间的摩擦,并可缓冲运动时的震荡。

(2)图中的[②]是            ,主要由结缔组织构成,使关节具有牢固性。

(3)图中的[④]是            ,内有滑液,能使关节更加灵活。

答案

(1)关节头;关节窝;关节软骨。   (2)关节囊。  (3)关节腔。

题目分析:关节是指骨与骨之间能够活动的连接,一般由关节面、关节囊和关节腔三部分组成,1关节软骨,2关节囊,3关节头,4关节腔,5关节窝。关节面:是两个(或两个以上)相邻骨的接触面,其中略凸起的一面叫做关节头,略凹进的一面叫做关节窝,关节面上覆盖一层表面光滑的关节软骨,可减少运动时两骨间关节面的摩擦和缓冲运动时的震动;关节腔:由关节囊和关节面共同围成的密闭腔隙,内有少量滑液,滑液有润滑关节软骨的作用,可以减少骨与骨之间的摩擦,使关节的运动灵活自如;关节囊:由结缔组织构成,包绕着整个关节,把相邻的两骨牢固地联系起来,囊壁的内表面能分泌滑液,在关节囊及囊里面和外面还有很多韧带,使两骨的连接更加牢固。

点评:此题考查关节的结构和功能,能够熟练掌握关节的结构和功能,便可轻松解题。

单项选择题 B型题
阅读理解

PAUL’S brother bought him a new car as a Christmas present. On Christmas Eve (前夜), Paul saw a boy walking around the new car, admiring it.

"Is this your car, Mister?" he asked.

Paul nodded. "My brother gave it to me for Christmas." The boy was amazed. "You mean your brother just gave it to you? Boy, I wish...." Paul knew what he was going to wish for — a brother who would buy him a car. But the boy surprised Paul.

"I wish that I could be a brother like that," he said.

Astonished, Paul invited the boy to go for a ride in the new car.

After a short ride, the boy said, "Would you mind driving in front of my house?" Paul thought the boy wanted to show the car to his neighbors. But Paul was wrong again.

The boy ran up the steps of his house. Soon he came back carrying his crippled (残废的) little brother. He pointed to the car. "Look!" he said to the little boy. "His brother gave him that car for Christmas. Some day I’m gonna give you one just like it!"

Paul got out and lifted the little boy into his car. The older brother climbed in beside him and the three of them went on a wonderful holiday ride.

That Christmas Eve, Paul learned how good it felt to give.

53. Paul’s brother gave him ___ as a Christmas present.

A. a suit                             B. a car                       C. a bicycle           D. a card

54. When the boy saw the car, he wished that ____.

A. he could buy a car for himself                             B. he had a brother to buy him a car

C. he could buy a car for his brother                  D. he could have a ride in the car

55. When the boy asked Paul the drive the car in front his house, he wanted ___.

A. to show off to his neighbors                         B. his brother to see the car

C. Paul to drive him home                                D. to enjoy a ride in the car

56. The story mainly tells us ______.

A. practice makes perfect                                 B. it is important to make money

C. giving makes people feel good                       D. a friend in need is a friend indeed