问题 问答题

Ⅰ.氮是地球上含量丰富的一种元素,氮及其化合物在工农业生产、生活中有着重要作用.请回答:

(1)在一定体积的恒容密闭容器中,进行如下化学反应:N2(g)+3H2(g)

2NH3(g)

其化学平衡常数K与温度t的关系如下表:

t/K298398498
K/(mol•L-124.1×106K1K2
完成下列问题:

①比较K1、K2的大小:K1______K2(填“>”、“=”或“<”).

②判断该反应达到化学平衡状态的依据是______(填序号).

A.2v(H2)(正)=3v(NH3)(逆)  B.v(N2)(正)=3v(H2)(逆)

C.容器内压强保持不变            D.混合气体的密度保持不变

(2)盐酸肼(N2H6Cl2)是一种重要的化工原料,属于离子化合物,易溶于水,溶液呈酸性,水解原理与NH4Cl类似.

①写出盐酸肼第一步水解反应的离子方程式______.

②盐酸肼水溶液中离子浓度的排列顺序正确的是______(填序号).

A.c(Cl-)>c(N2H62+)>c(H+)>c(OH-

B.c(Cl-)>c([N2H5•H2O+])>c(H+)>c(OH-

C.c(N2H62+)+c([N2H5•H2O+])+c(H+)=c(Cl-)+c(OH-

D.c(N2H62+)>c(Cl-)>c(H+)>c(OH-

Ⅱ.水体中重金属铅的污染问题备受关注.查资料得知Pb4+具有很强的氧化性.水中铅的存在形态主要有Pb2+、Pb(OH)+、Pb(OH)2(在水中溶解度小)、Pb(OH)3-、Pb(OH)42-,各形态的物质的量的分数α随溶液pH变化的关系如下图所示:

(1)Pb(NO32溶液中,c(Pb2+)/c(NO3-)______1/2(填“>”、“=”、“<”).

(2)向Pb(NO32溶液滴加盐酸,溶液中c(Pb2+)/c(NO3-)没有变大,反而变小并有沉淀生成,则生成的沉淀可能为______.

(3)向Pb(NO32溶液中滴加NaOH溶液,溶液也变浑浊,在pH约为______ 时生成沉淀最多,继续滴加NaOH溶液,混合体系又逐渐变澄清.pH=13时,混合体系中发生的主要反应的离子方程式为:______.

答案

Ⅰ.(1)①因该反应为放热反应,则温度升高,化学平衡向逆反应方向移动,即升高温度K变小,则K1>K2,故答案为:>;

②由化学平衡的特征可知,A转化为:2v(H2)(正)=3v(NH3)(正)=3v(NH3)(逆),则正逆反应速率相等,达到平衡,而B转化为同一物质不能满足正逆反应速率相等,

该反应是反应前后物质的量不等的反应,则压强不变可说明化学反应达到平衡,而D中质量始终不变,密闭容器的体积不变,则混合气体的密度始终不变,则不能作为判断平衡的依据,故答案为:AC;

(2)①因水解与NH4Cl类似,则N2H62+水解结合H2O电离生成的OH-,则水解离子反应为N2H62++H2O

[N2H5•H2O]++H+,故答案为:N2H62++H2O

[N2H5•H2O]++H+;   

②由盐酸肼的化学式为N2H6Cl2,则c(Cl-)>c(N2H62+),又水解显酸性,则c(H+)>c(OH-),由水解的程度很弱,则c(N2H62+)>c(H+),即离子浓度的大小关系为

c(Cl-)>c(N2H62+)>c(H+)>c(OH-),故A正确;显然D错误;由水解方程式可知c([N2H5•H2O+])=c(H+),故B错误;正确的电荷守恒式为

2c(N2H62+)+c([N2H5•H2O+])+c(H+)=c(Cl-)+c(OH-),故C错误;故答案为:A;

Ⅱ.(1)因Pb在溶液中有多种存在形态,则Pb(NO32溶液中,c(Pb2+)/c(NO3-)<1/2,故答案为:<;

(2)由加入盐酸,pH变小,结合图可知Pb2+增多,但c(Pb2+)/c(NO3-)没有变大,反而变小并有沉淀生成,则只能是Pb2+与Cl-离子结合生成沉淀PbCl2,故答案为:PbCl2

(3)由图中的曲线3可知,pH=10时生成沉淀最多,继续加氢氧化钠,由曲线4、5可知,pH=13时发生Pb(OH)3-转化为Pb(OH)42-的离子反应,离子反应为Pb(OH)3-+OH-=Pb(OH)42-

故答案为:10;Pb(OH)3-+OH-=Pb(OH)42-

完形填空

第二节:完形填空(共20小题;每小题1.5分,满分30分)

阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

Here are some of the most common reasons why kids hate school—and strategies(对策) to put them back on the road to success.

One fear that keeps children from enjoying school is separation    36    . It most frequently occurs during times of family stress or    37    a child is about to enter a new school.   38   , parents can feed a child’s anxieties by the way they    39  . With younger kids, watch how you say    40    those first few days of school. A firm “Have a great day, and I’ll    41    you up at 2:30!” is more confidence-inspiring than “Don’t worry, I can be there in ten    42    if you need me.”

You can help your child    43    fearful situations—from speaking up in class to taking tests—by rehearsing(预演)at home. Teach your child to    44    thoughts such as “I’m going to give up” with “I can handle this.”

Without any    45   , some kids dislike school .This may be the    46    if your child is always alone, pretends    47    to avoid class outings or give away treasured possessions in an attempt to be    48   .

Often loneliness problems can be solved. A child may need to learn how to    49    others in the eye when he speaks, or how to talk    50    a whisper—or below a yell. You might teach a young child a few “friendship    51   ”, such as “My name’s Tom. What’s yours? Do you want to play games?”

“A lot of kids who are very lonely have never been told anything    52    about themselves,” says Miami    53   Matty Rodriguez-Walling. “If a lonely kid is   54    some area—computers, for example—I’ll often have other students work with him. That does    55   for self-respect and helps the lonely child make friends.”

36. A. anxiety                      B. excitement                C. anger                       D. relief

37. A. while                         B. since                   C. when                       D. as

38. A. Unfortunately             B. Happily                    C. Luckily                    D. Simply

39. A. teach                         B. smile                       C. learn                       D. respond

40. A. hello                         B. sorry                        C. good-bye                  D. thanks

41. A. call                           B. pick                         C. bring                       D. put

42. A. hours                         B. days                         C. minutes                    D. seconds

43. A. watch                        B. control                            C. express                    D. handle

44. A. connect                      B. fill                          C. supply                     D. replace

45. A. friends                       B. classmates                C. teachers                   D. parents

46. A. condition                   B. case                         C. example                   D. matter

47. A. violence                     B. sadness                     C. illness                      D. independence

48. A. taught                        B. refused                     C. hated                       D. liked

49. A. watch                        B. look                C. examine                   D. observe

50. A. at                                B. above                       C. to                           D. over

51. A. openers                 B. conclusions               C. thoughts               D. opinions

52. A. good                         B. interesting                C. strange                  D. magic

53. A. doctor                       B. scientist                    C. researcher                D. teacher

54. A. poor at                      B. anxious about           C. skilled in                  D. proud of 

55. A. less                  B. a lot                 C. more             D. a little

单项选择题