问题 问答题 简答题

简述马克思主义劳动价值论与剩余价值论的主要内容。

答案

参考答案:

劳动价值论的主要内容有:商品二重性和劳动二重性的理论。所谓商品的二重性是说商品的价值应该分为使用价值和价值。交换价值是商品价值的表现形式,而使用价值则成为交换价值的物质承担者,这就是马克思主义的商品二重性理论。劳动二重性是说应该把劳动区分为具体劳动和抽象劳动。具体劳动是人类社会存在和发展的永久条件,它生产出人类生存所需要的各种商品;抽象劳动是把各种不同的劳动中都消耗的劳动抽象出来,称之为一般人类劳动,它体现出劳动的价值。具体劳动创造使用价值,抽象劳动创造价值。

剩余价值论的主要内容有:马克思主义认为,剩余价值是雇佣工人在生产过程中创造出来的,而不是在流通过程中产生的,其前提是劳动力作为商品进入市场流通领域。劳动力成为商品必须具备两个条件:劳动者是自由的和劳动力成为商品。劳动力是一种特殊商品,它可以创造超出其本身价值的价值。马克思主义剩余价值学说揭开了资本家剥削工人的秘密。

阅读理解

阅读理解。

                                                           The Real Chinese Food

     In China, there're many different kinds of food. Some of them are very popular. The real Chinese food is dumplings. Now let's talk about them, OK?

     Everyone in China likes dumplings very much, and there are many different kinds of dumplings. Some have meat and vegetables in them, others have sugar, eggs and so on. I like dumplings with vegetables and pork better than any other kind.

     Usually people make dumplings at home. If you have no time to make them, you can buy them from any supermarket. Then you take them home and eat them with vinegar.

     The Spring Festival is very important in China. When it comes, we make dumplings, usually we put a coin(硬币) in a dumpling. If one eats the dumpling with the coin in it, he or she will be lucky in the year.

     In the old days, people couldn't often eat dumplings, because they were very poor. Now our country is becoming stronger and stronger, and our people are richer and richer. We can eat them very often.

     Now tell me, do you like dumplings?

     Welcome to China, and we'll invite you to eat the real Chinese food -dumplings.

1. —What does the writer like dumplings with best? —        .

A. Meat.    

B. Seafood.    

C. Vegetables and pork.  

D. Vegetables.

2. You can buy dumplings from the supermarket when        .

A. you have time  

B. you are tired  

C. you are busy    

D. you are happy

3. The word "vinegar" in the passage means       .

A.糖      

B. 醋    

C.辣椒    

D. 酱油

4. Which of the following is NOT true ?

A. The Chinese like dumplings very much.

B. If someone eats the dumpling with the coin in it, he or she will be lucky in the year.

C. In the old days, people could only eat dumplings because they were poor.

D. Now people are rich and they often eat dumplings.

不定项选择