问题 问答题

案例一:何某与韩某结婚前约定,婚后夫妻财产分开,除每人支付一定家庭共同生活费用外,其余收入归双方各自所有。2年后双方因感情不和离婚,何某以我国婚姻法规定夫妻关系存续期间双方收入都是家庭共同财产为理由,要求法院判定双方的原约定无效并重新认定和分割财产。
案例二:张某初到某市打工时,与其雇主签订了为期1年的劳务合同,张某为雇主提供全日劳务(无休息日),雇主向张某提供食宿和每月100元工资。张某还向雇主预交了500元保证金,约定若合同期满前张某辞工,则保证金不退还。2个月后张某找到其他工作,想辞工并要回保证金。但雇主不肯退,认为原协议是双方自愿达成的有效契约。为此,双方诉至劳动仲裁机构。
试以法理学关于强行性规则和任意性规则的原理分析上述案例中各方的约定是否有效并说明理由。

答案

参考答案:案例一中,法院应当判决维持双方婚前协议。因为婚姻法对于夫妻共同财产的规定是一项任意性规则,允许双方自行约定婚姻关系存续期间所得的财产的归属,只有当双方没有约定时,才适用法律的规定。
(2)案例二中,劳动仲裁机构应当裁决劳资双方的原协议无效。因为我国法律对于劳动者权利如休息权、最低工资等的规定是强行性规则,其目的在于保障劳动者的基本权利。在强行性规则规定的限度内,不允许双方另行约定权利义务。

单项选择题

German Chancellor Angela Merkel won over German voters in the Federal Election on Sept. 27. Can she now be won over by a French charm offensive (1) at repairing the relationship that was once at the heart of Europe That’s the question being asked in Paris, (2) top government officials are (3) talking about their desire to rekindle closer ties (4) their neighbors across the Rhine. (5) the end of World War II the Franco-German relationship has been the motor of European integration, the (6) force behind the creation of the European Union and, more recently, the introduction of the euro. But the ardor has (7) in this decade, particularly under Merkel, who has regularly struggled to (8) her irritation with French President Nicolas Sarkozy’s grandstanding. Sarkozy, (9) , has often been impatient with what he (10) Merkel’s lack of resolve.

The sometimes (11) personal rapport is a long way from the public shows of affection their predecessors staged, particularly Helmut Kohl and FranCois Mitterrand, who movingly held (12) in 1984 in a Verdun cemetery. There’s been tension on (13) , too. Charles Grant, director of the London-based think tank Centre for European Reform, points out that France and Germany have been (14) on issues from how best to reflate their economies during the economic (15) to the smartest strategies for dealing with Russia.

But influential movers in France are now (16) to put the relationship back on a friendlier footing. In a recent paper French think tank Institute Montaigne (17) an ambitious agenda for the two nations, (18) that a new impetus is needed if Europe’s voice is to be heard in a world (19) of big new players, such as Brazil and India, and at a time when President Obama seems fax more (20) with China and the rest of Asia than with America’s traditional allies in Europe.

5()

A.Since

B.Before

C.At

D.For

单项选择题