问题 问答题 简答题

如何理解僧肇的“不真空论”?

答案

参考答案:384-414年,长安人,南北朝最重要的佛教哲学家,中国化的佛教哲学体系的奠基人。少年贫困,以代人抄书为生,遍读经史,由老庄玄学转向般若空宗,于是出家。二十岁时,已闻名关中。后到鸠摩罗什门下,与僧融、僧睿、竺道生等并称为“四圣”。主要著作有《不真空论》、《物不迁论》、《般若无知论》等,均收入《肇论》一书中。

僧肇的《不真空论》集中阐述了他的佛教宇宙观。即:不真空:般若学空观,既不认为万物之前有一个虚无阶段,也不是在万物之外设置一个虚无本体,又不是抹杀万物作为假有的存在而另立一个与相对立的虚无;而是就万物的存在本身洞察其虚假不真,是空;空:不是就有无问题而言,而是说的真假问题。事物作为幻象存在,不真实,故空;假号即俗谛,真名即真谛;“有是有其事象,无是无其自性。事象既形,不能说无,待缘而有,故无自性”,“性空”,非真实。

在他看来,宇宙的一切都是缘起性空的,也就是说,一切的生是由于缘的聚会,一切的灭是由于缘的离散,所以一切都是虚幻的,不真实的。因为不真实,所以是空。他极力要说明的是虽然一切事物是虚幻的,但不是“无“,而是”不真“。为了论证不真即空,僧肇首先对六家七宗的基本派别“无心”、“即色”、“本无”三派进行了批判。

选择题
阅读理解

   

D

When a storm is coming, most people leave the area as quickly as possible and head for safety…But there are a few people who will get into their cars and go straight for the center of the storm.These people are willing to risk (冒…危险) being killed by floods or 100-Kilometer- an-hour winds for the excitement of watching the storm close up.

“Storm chasing (追逐)”is becoming an increasingly popular hobby (喜好) ,especially in the Midwest of the United States, where there are frequent storms between March and July.A storm chaser begins the day by checking the Internet for the latest weather reports, and then drives up to l,000 kilometers to where the storm will be and waits for it to develop.

Although anyone can do it,storm chasing is extremely dangerous.The power of a big storm  can throw a cow into the air or destroy a whole house in seconds.Storm chasers are also often hurt in accidents caused by driving in a heavy rain.If you are a beginner, it is much safer to join a group for storm - chasing vacations during the storm season.

Even then,storm chasing is not all adventure and excitement.“Storm chasing is 95%driving,”says Daniel Lynch,who spends most of his summer storm-chasing.“Sometimes you

Can sit around for hours waiting for something to happen,and all you get is blue sky and a few light showers.”

However,for storm chasers,it is all worth it. “When you get close to a storm,it is the most exciting sight you will ever see in your life,”says Jasper Morley.“Every storm is an example of the power of nature.It is the greatest show on Earth.”

57.For storm chasing,the first thing storm chasers do is to       

A.head straight for the center of the storm   

B.get into the car for safety

C.wait patiently for the storm to develop

D.collect information about a coming storm

58.Beginners of storm chasing are advised_______

A.not to drive in a heavy rain   

B.to do it in an organized way

C.not to get too close to a storm

D.to spend more time on it in summer

59.By saying“it is all worth it”in the last paragraph,the author means that______

A.storm chasing costs a lot of money

B.storm chasing is worth hours of waiting

C.efforts in storm chasing are well paid

D.a storm presents the greatest show on Earth

60.What can we learn from the text?

A.Sometimes storm chasers get nothing but disappointment. 

B.Many storm chasers get killed in the storms.

C.Storm chasing is becoming popular around the world.

D.Storm chasing is only fit for young people