问题 单项选择题

The swine flu will probably return in force earlier than seasonal flu usually begins, federal health officials predicted Friday, saying they expected it to erupt as soon as schools open rather than in October or November.
The swine flu is still circulating in the United States, especially in summer camps, even though hot weather has arrived and the regular flu season ended months ago, "so we expect challenges when people return to school, when kids are congregating together," Dr. Anne Schuchat, director of respiratory diseases at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, said in a telephone news conference held jointly with vaccine experts from the Food and Drug Administration and the Department of Health and Human Services.
It is still unclear how many doses of a swine flu vaccine will be available by then, and officials have been reluctant to make firm predictions beyond saying that they expect tens of millions, rather than hundreds of millions, and they plan to distribute them to people who are the most vulnerable, like pregnant women and people who are the most likely to encounter the flu, like health care workers.
The number of doses available will depend on how fast seed strains grow, how much protection a small dose provides, and whether immune-system boosters called adjuvants are needed and prove to be safe; adjuvants are not used in American flu vaccines now.
Clinical trials testing those questions are expected to take another couple of months, said Dr. Jesse L. Goodman, director of the F. D.A.’s Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research.

Which of the following questions is not included in "those questions" (Para 5, Line 1)
[A] How fast do seed strains grow
[B] How much protection does a small dose provide
[C] Are adjuvants needed and prove to be safe
[D] How much will such doses cost


Assuming a swine flu vaccination campaign begins, it will be voluntary, Dr. Schuchat emphasized, but she "ply encouraged" pregnant women to get both a seasonal flu shot and a swine flu shot when they are available.
The C.D.C.has been closely following the disease in the Southern Hemisphere winter, and it is mimicking the patterns seen in the United States and Mexico in the spring, she said.
Most infections and most serious cases are in children and young adults, and those with underlying conditions, including pregnancy, are the most likely to die. Dr. Schuchat likened the spread’s unpredictability to that of popcorn: one city could see an explosion of cases and overwhelmed hospitals while another saw few.
Her most important message, she added, was that "the virus isn’t gone, and we fully expect there will be challenges in the fall. "

答案

参考答案:D

解析:综合上段内容,可以看出指代的是上段中how fast seed strains grow,how much protection a small dose provides,以及whether immune-system boosters called adjuvants are needed and prove to be safe这三个问题。故答案为D。

阅读理解与欣赏

阅读下面的文章,完成后面的题。

上好“事前监管”一课

湖南郴州最大的经适房小区——惠泽园接连出现质量问题,甚至部分住户的楼板也不得不换掉重装,而这个存在严重质量问题的惠民工程,却顺利通过了验收。当被问及验收时为什么没有发现这些质量问题时,相关人员的回答竟然是“没有抽查到”。

无独有偶,在杭州市萧山区,一电梯维修工在维修一部电梯时发生意外死亡,事故调查发现这部电梯居然是用报废电梯的部件违法拼装的,萧山区还有一个报废电梯回收、翻新、贩卖的利益链。令人纳闷的是,报废的电梯竟然连续4年获得杭州有关检测单位的合格报告。看来,健全完备的制度是必要的,但对制度的监管更是必需。

在诸多领域,如果监管总是以各种方式缺席,再完善的制度也是乏力的,事后再迅速的救护行动也难以挽回损失,再严厉的惩处整改也已于事无补,而事故和问题总是会用事实作出残酷的回答。背后的原因着实让人深思。

如果监管部门成为监管对象利益链条中的一环,其监管机能就完全丧失,最终只会沦为为其“站岗放哨”的角色。如果监管总是处于劳苦奔波的状态,费时费力难出成绩,即使查出隐患也只是应分之责,倒不如“把猪养肥了再杀”,得名又得利。

值得注意的是,在汲取事故教训时,往往以为“九龙治水”是监管缺席的原因,认为大家都管就是大家都不管,进而便要新设机构部门来把各职能统起来。这正是在公共管理中“帕金森定律”的一个体现,即行政组织成立以后,为了减责和加权,就会有无限膨胀和扩张的趋势。这种公共管理思维的一个盲区在于,各职能部门分工以履职尽责、部门协作以相互补台,乃是公共管理部门设置的一个基本原则。不对职能部门执行不力、协作乏力问责,而去新设机构来管,最后必是叠床架屋,导致机构臃肿。

《札记•中庸》有云:“凡事豫则立,不豫则废。言前定则不跲,事前定则不困,行前定则不疚,道前定则不穷。”这个事前的“豫”与“定”,既是一种思想谋虑,也是一种执行状态。无论是政府部门,还是承担公共事务、安全等责任的有关单位,事前监管更是职责,目的是为了防患于未然,尽早地预防可能出现的情况和 问题,以便制定预案和采取相应措施,实现公共管理的“边际收益”最大化。

当今社会,新兴行业不断出现、国家立法尚不够完善,如果上不好事前监管这一课,则不仅治理难见效果,衍生的问题更会不少。

小题1:请简要概括本文的论述思路。(6分)

小题2:请简析“事前监管”缺席的原因有哪些?(8分)

小题3:结合文本,简析“事前监管”的重要性表现在哪些方面。(4分)

单项选择题