问题 实验题

一般情况下,人体完成的各种运动都是在神经系统的调节下,由骨、骨骼肌、关节共同参与,在多组骨骼肌协同作用下完成的。下图为人体“伸肘动作的产生”示意图,请据图回答问题(12分):

伸肘动作的产生示意图

(1)长骨在运动中发挥杠杆的作用,其骨质坚硬,骨质由______________和______________组成。

(2)骨骼肌接受______________传来的兴奋后,[①]______________收缩变短,产生一定的拉力。而[②]______________的作用是分别附着在相邻的骨上。

(3)骨骼肌产生的拉力,牵引骨绕着关节运动,关节由______________、______________、______________和______________四部分构成。

(4)伸肘时,肱二头肌处于______________状态,[③]______________处于______________状态。

答案

(1)骨密质 骨松质

(2)神经 肌腹 肌腱

(3)关节囊 关节头 关节窝 关节腔

(4)舒张 肱三头肌收缩

题目分析:长骨的结构中分为骨膜、骨质和骨髓三部分,其中骨膜与骨的长粗和骨折后的修复有关,骨质为分骨松质和骨密质,骨的成分由有机物和无机物组成,有机物使骨具有弹性,无机物使骨坚硬,因此骨既坚硬又有弹性,骨的位置变化产生运动,但是骨本身是不能产生运动的,骨的运动要靠骨骼肌的牵拉,骨骼肌有受刺激而收缩的特性,当骨骼肌受神经传来的刺激收缩时,就会牵动骨绕关节活动,于是躯体就会产生运动,在人体的运动中,骨、关节和骨骼肌三者的作用是:骨:杠杆作用,关节:支点作用,骨骼肌:动力作用,骨骼肌包括中间较粗的肌腹和两端较细的肌腱,关节是指骨与骨之间能够活动的连接,由关节面、关节囊和关节腔三部分组成,关节面包括关节头和关节窝,关节面上覆盖一层表面光滑的关节软骨,屈肘时,肱二头肌收缩,肱三头肌舒张,伸肘时,肱三头肌收缩,肱二头肌舒张。

点评:此题为基础题,难度一般,解答此题的关键是熟练掌握运动系统是由骨、骨连结和骨骼肌组成的,熟记各个组成的结构和功能,可结合结构示意图进行记忆。

判断题
单项选择题

There are many kinds of friends. Some are always (1) you, but don’t understand you. Some say only a few words to you, but understand you. Many people will step in your life, but only (2) friends leave footprints.
I shall always recall the autumn and the girl with the (3) . She will always bring back the friendship between us. I know she will always be my best friend.
It was the golden season. I could see the yellow leaves (4) with the cool (5) . In such a season, I liked walking alone on the roads covered with leaves, (6) to the sound of them.
Autumn is a (7) season and life is uninteresting. The free days always get me (8) . But one day, the sound of a violin (9) into my ears like a stream flowing in the mountains. I was so surprised that I jumped to see what it was. A young girl, standing in the wind, was (10) in playing her violin.
I had (11) seen her before. The music was so nice that I listened quietly. Lost in the music, I didn’t know that I had been (12) there for so long but my existence did not seem to disturb her.
Leaves were still falling. Every day she played the violin at the comer of the building (13) I went downstairs to watch her performance. I was the only listener. The autumn seemed no longer lonely and life became (14) . (15) we didn’t know each other, I thought we were already good friends. I believe she also loved me.
Autumn was nearly over. One day, when I was listening carefully, the sound suddenly (16) . To my astonishment, the girl came over to me.
"You must like music from the violin." she said.
"Yes. And you play very well. Why did you stop’." I asked.
Suddenly, a (17) expression appeared on her face and I could feel something unusual.
"I came here to see my grandmother, but now I must leave. I once played very badly. It was your listening every day that (18) me. " she said.
"In fact, it was your playing (19) gave me a meaningful autumn," I answered, " Let’s be friends. "
The girl smiled, and so did I. I never heard her play again in my life. I no longer went downstairs to listen to her. Only thick leaves were left behind. But I will always remember the fine figure of the girl. She is like a (20) —so short, so bright, like a shooting star giving off so much light that makes the autumn beautiful.

Ⅱ. 完形填空/Close

A.interesting

B.moving

C.encouraging

D.exciting