问题 问答题


阅读下列说明,根据要求回答问题1~问题3。
[说明]
某地区举行篮球比赛,需要开发一个比赛信息管理系统来记录比赛的相关信息。
[需求分析结果]
1.登记参赛球队的信息。记录球队的名称、代表地区、成立时间等信息。系统记录球队的每个队员的姓名、年龄、身高、体重等信息。每个球队有一个教练负责管理球队,一个教练仅负责一个球队。系统记录教练的姓名、年龄等信息。
2.安排球队的训练信息。比赛组织者为球队提供了若干个场地,供球队进行适应性训练。系统记录现有的场地信息,包括:场地名称、场地规模、位置等信息。系统可为每个球队安排不同的训练场地,如表3-9所示。系统记录训练场地安排的信息。

表3-9 训练安排表

球队名称场地名称训练时间
解放军一号球场2008-06-09 14:00-18:00
解放军一号球场2008-06-12 09:00-12:00
解放军二号球场2008-06-11 14:00-18:00
山西一号球场2008-06-10 09:00-12:00

3.安排比赛。该赛事聘请有专职裁判,每场比赛只安排一个裁判。系统记录裁判的姓名、年龄、级别等信息。系统按照一定的规则,首先分组,然后根据球队、场地和裁判情况,安排比赛(每场比赛的对阵双方分别称为甲队和乙队)。记录参赛球队、比赛时间、比分、场地名称等信息,如表3-10所示。

表3-10 比赛安排表

A组:

甲队…乙队场地名称比赛时间裁判比分
解放军…北京一号球场2008-06-17 15:00 李大明
天津…山西一号球场2008-06-17 19:00 胡学梅

B组

甲队…乙队场地名称比赛时间裁判比分
上海…安徽二号球场2008-06-17 15:00 丁鸿平
山东…辽宁二号球场2008-06-17 19:00 郭爱琪

4.所有球员、教练和裁判可能出现重名情况。
[概念模型设计]
根据需求阶段收集的信息,设计的实体联系图和关系模式(不完整)如下。
1.实体联系图(图3-20)


2.关系模式
教练(教练编号,姓名,年龄)
队员(队员编号,姓名,年龄,身高,体重, (a)
球队(球队名称,代表地区,成立时间, (b)
场地(场地名称,场地规模,位置)
训练记录( (c) )
裁判(裁判编号,姓名,年龄,级别)
比赛记录( (d) )

[问题2]
根据你的实体联系图,完成关系模式,并给出训练记录和比赛记录关系模式的主键和外键。

答案

参考答案:

解析:[问题2] 根据补充后的E-R图,球队与球员之间的1:N联系应通过将1端实体(球员)的主码(球队名称)加入到N端实体(球员)对应的关系中来表达。这类联系也可通过独立的一个关系来表达,如球队-球员 (球队名称,队员编号),这样会对查询增加多余的连接操作,因此一般不采用这种方法。 同样,球队与教练之间的1:1联系也应通过将一方的主码增加到另一方实体对应的关系中,来表达联系。 训练和比赛为多对多联系,只能独立成一个关系模式,取该联系相关联的各实体的码及联系自有的属性构成。如比分和分组应该是比赛的属性,再加上球队、裁判、场地的码,即构成“比赛记录”的关系模式。比赛记录关系模式的主键可以是“场地名称,比赛时间”,也可以是“裁判,比赛时间”,或者是“甲队,比赛时间”,再或者是“乙队,比赛时间”。其外键是“甲队,乙队,场地名称,裁判”。 同理,训练是球队和场地的多对多联系,训练开始时间和结束时间为训练的属性,加上球队的码和场地的码,构成“训练记录”关系模式。训练记录关系模式的主键可以是“球队,开始时间”,也可以是“场地名称,开始时间”,或者是“球队,结束时间”,再或者是“场地名称,结束时间”。其外键是“球队名称,场地名称”。

选择题
阅读理解

Comprehensive lifestyle changes including a better diet and more exercise can lead not only to a better physique, but also to swift and dramatic changes at the genetic level, U.S. researchers said on Monday. In a small study, the researchers tracked 30 men with low-risk prostate cancer(前列腺癌)who decided against conventional medical treatment such as surgery and radiation or hormone therapy.  

The men underwent three months of major lifestyle changes, including eating a diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, legumes and soy products, moderate exercise such as walking for half an hour a day, and an hour of daily stress management methods such as meditation(冥想). As expected, they lost weight, lowered their blood pressure and saw other health improvements. But the researchers found more profound changes when they compared prostate biopsies taken before and after the lifestyle changes. After the three months, the men had changes in activity in about 500 genes -- including 48 that were turned on and 453 genes that were turned off. The activity of disease-preventing genes increased while a number of disease-promoting genes, including those involved in prostate cancer and breast cancer, shut down, according to the study published in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

The research was led by Dr. Dean Ornish, head of the Preventive Medicine Research Institute in Sausalito, California, and a well-known author advocating lifestyle changes to improve health. "It's an exciting finding because so often people say, 'Oh, it's all in my genes, what can I do?' Well, it turns out you may be able to do a lot," Ornish, who is also connected with the University of California, San Francisco, said in a telephone interview. "'In just three months, I can change hundreds of my genes simply by changing what I eat and how I live'. That's pretty exciting," Ornish said. "The implications of our study are not limited to men with prostate cancer."  

60. The article basically states that a healthy lifestyle__________.  

A. can even change your genes for the better.  

B. has no effect on your genes.  

C. is good for the environment.  

D. helps men recover from prostate cancer.  

61. Apart from eating healthy food and exercising, the men in the study__________.

A. were put under a lot of stress.  

B. were walking for hours a day..  

C. were taught stress management methods.  

D. were thinking for a whole day.

62. In total, how many disease-preventing genes turned on as a result of the healthy lifestyle?

A.   30           B. 453                   C.500             D. 48

63. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the article?

A. The men with low-risk prostate in the study lost weight and lowered their blood pressure.

B. A famous author and Dr. Dean Ornish led this research.

C. Dr. Dean Ornish expressed his optimism about this research in a telephone interview.

D. Conventional medical treatment has no effect on the men with prostate cancer.