问题 单项选择题


本部分均为单选题,着重考查考生对语盲文字的理解与驾驭能力。
这种能力包括:对词、句子、篇章一般意思和特定意义的理解;对比较复杂的概念和观点的准确理解;对语句隐含信息的合理推断;根据上下文,恰当选用词语;准确地辨明旬义,筛选信息。
注意:问题可能是选择一个词语或一个句子,使表达最为准确,也可能是考查对文字内容的理解,你的选择应与题目要求最相符合。

阅读以下文字,完成以下问题。
我国是煤炭生产大国,瓦斯突出的矿井约占煤炭矿井的一半。瓦斯是煤矿安全的最大威胁,全国煤矿重大安全事故70%以上都与瓦斯爆炸有关。
其实,瓦斯是储存于煤层中的非常规天然气,又名煤层气,它并非仅仅是人类需要驯服的“杀手”。人们常把瓦斯利用喻为“变废为宝”——将本来空排的废气变为清洁能源。长期的能源短缺和能源价格上涨是中国经济增长中一个抹不掉的阴影,所有可以利用的能源都是宝贵的。但是,瓦斯开发利用 的意义远远超过单纯的“变废为宝”。
瓦斯中的甲烷含量很高,甲烷的温室效应在全球气候变暖中的份额为15%,仅次于二氧化碳;而且,等量甲烷造成的温室效应是二氧化碳的21倍。国家发改委公布的数据显示,全国煤层气利用率仅为23%,这意味着绝大多数的煤层气正朝天排放,其温室气体效应不容忽视。
有研究认为:从20世纪中期至今,观测到的大部分温度上升与人类活动产生的温室气体排放有关的可能性超过90%。据估计,受气温上升影响,到2030年,中国种植业生产能力可能会下降5%-10%;北方水资源短缺以及南方洪涝灾害都将加剧。
要缓解温室效应,瓦斯的开发利用已刻不容缓。而且,这一工作可获得国际上的财务支持一“清洁发展机制”(CDM)支持发达国家与发展中国家进行“温室气体交易”。在《京都议定书》框架下,各减排义务国可以选择内部消化减排目标,也可以从市场上购买排放额度。由于发展中国家的减排代价较低,发达国家可以用资金或技术在发展中国家减排,减排的数量可用于抵扣本国的温室气体减排量。
由于历史的原因,我国目前煤炭开采权和煤层气开采权分置,获中央特许权的煤层气开发企业拥有全国相当面积的煤层气开发权和对外合作权。约占山西省含煤面积60%以上的煤层气气权都被两家中央企业登记。这种气权、矿权分置在现实中引发了诸多利益冲突,有媒体曾对此进行报道,并借用莎士比亚名剧《威尼斯商人》中“割肉不许流血”的难题来形容气权、矿权之争。
实践证明,瓦斯开发的特许权造成了瓦斯开发的[ ],增加了瓦斯开发利用的难度和成本。气权、矿权分离为煤炭生产的“先抽后采综合利用、采气与采煤一体化”设置了障碍;气权、矿权合作的艰难也影响了煤层气开发利用的速度。瓦斯与煤炭伴生,气权、矿权分置使煤矿企业的地面预抽无法实施,“先抽后采综合利用”和“采气与采煤一体化”也就无法进行。
瓦斯的开发利用在安全和环保方面的效应远大于单纯的资源收益,所以不能简单地将瓦斯作为一种能源来进行开发。政府应以有效的政策支持来加快瓦斯的开发利用,以应对气候变化带来的挑战,并让瓦斯从“夺命杀手”成为战略资源。

对文中划线句子的理解,正确的二项是( )。

A.积极开发和利用瓦斯,不仅能将本来空排的废气变为清洁能源,更重要的是这样可以有效减少煤矿瓦斯爆炸事故,并在一定程度上抑制能源价格上涨

B.积极开发和利用瓦斯,不仅能将白白排放的废气变为清洁能源,更重要的是这样有利于降低瓦斯对煤矿安全的威胁,并能有效地减少温室气体排放量

C.积极开发和利用瓦斯,不仅可以缓解我国能源供需矛盾,更重要的是这样有利于获得国际上的财务支持

D.积极开发和利用瓦斯,不仅有利于消除煤矿安全的最大威胁,更重要的是这样有利于实现温室气体减排目标,并促进我国解决煤矿的气权、矿权分置问题

答案

参考答案:B

解析:解析:A项“并在一定程度上抑制能源价格上涨”属无中生有;文中说“长期的能源短缺和能源价格上涨是中国经济增长中一个抹不掉的阴影”,但并不能说明“积极开发和利用瓦斯,在一定程度上能抑制能源价格上涨”;C项瓦斯的开发不是为了“获得国际上的财务支持”;D项“促进我国解决煤矿的气权、矿权分置问题”是为了更好地开发利用瓦斯,因果倒置。

阅读理解

阅读理解。

     Feb.3,2006-According to CCTV 4,Chinese scientists have recently taken the lead in building the first

full super-conducting experimental nuclear fusion (核聚变) device known  as"artificial sun"in the world,

which will produce energy like the sun.

    It is reported that this device consists of five layers of components(成分)from inside to outside and the

circulating magnet container in the innermost layer looks like a giant" swim ring". In experimental tests,the

temperature of inner" swim ring" will reach as high as 100 million degrees Celsius. Therefore,such

component is a significant part to stimulate solar fusion reactions.

    Wan Yuanxi,who is in charge of the project called Experimental Advanced Super-conducting

Tokamak( EAST) ,an important scientific project under China's ninth five-ycar plan,explained the reason

why the sun always gives off light and why the energy it produces will not decrease. Under high pressure

and high temperature, fusion reactions will take place from inside to outside of the sun.

     Such fusion reactions will give rise to a great deal of energy to enable the sun to continuously emit light

and heat. However,fusion reactions on the sun are uncontrollable,just like an H-bomb explosion seen on

the earth. A huge amount of energy will be produced in a minute,which may be destructive. In order to

make use of such energy,a transformation from the process of energy production to a stable,sustainable

and controllable process is needed. EAST is serving to initiate such a transformation. Under magnetic

force,the op-

eration of hydrogen plasma isotope (同位素) will be restrained in the" swim ring" and high density

collision will happen, namely the fusion reactions. The hydrogen isotope got from one liter of seawater

can produce energy equal to 300 liters of gasoline through complete fusion reactions.

    Wan said that we can get endless clean energy by producing such a device for accomplishing fusion

reactions,which is equal to one or a few small suns made by human beings themselves so that they can

ceaselessly obtain energy from nuclear fusions.

1. What's the best title for the passage?

A. Wan Yuanxi and His Invention.

B. The Sun and the" Artificial Sun".

C. How to Produce the" Artificial Sun".

D. China Built the World's First"Artificial Sun".

2. What does the underlined word" artificial". ( in Para. 1 ) mean?

A. Not real.                        

B. Man-made.

C. Actual.                          

D. Ancient.

3. Which of the following is NOT true?  

A. The temperature of the innermost part of the " artificial sun" will reach as high as 100 ,000 ,000?.

B. EAST is an important scientific project under China's ninth five-year plan.

C. Such fusion reactions in the" artificial sun" will give us limited energy.

D. The hydrogen isotope got from one liter of seawater can produce energy equal

     to 300 liters of gasoline through complete fusion reactions.

4. What's the purpose of making the" artificial sun" ?     

A. To get more energy.

B. To get more light.

C. To have the sun shining for us in 24 hours

D. To study the inside of the real sun.

多项选择题