问题 问答题 简答题

宋代文官政治的特点是什么?

答案

参考答案:

经历了晚唐和五代十国的倾轧与混乱之后,宋代的君臣都意识到:统治之术绝非武力所可独揽,强调“国家右文而略武备”,应该“文武并用”。于是,宋代中央政府采取多种形式,使自隋唐开始的以科举制度为核心的文官政治趋于完善,在文官的考试、选拔、任用、督察、奖惩、俸禄、退休等方面,均有详尽的制度性规定。

文官政治的基石——科举制,在宋代得以完善。如将进士考试确定为州试、省试、殿试三级,扩大招生名额。并鼓励寒士参加科举。

宋代重视文官政治,以致“右文”成为宋代三百余年的国策。在标榜“右文”的宋代,文官待遇之高、地位之隆,为中国历史之罕见。

较为开明的文化政策也是宋代文官政治的一大特色。台谏制作为宋代加强中央集权的一种举措,为士大夫参政议政提供了言论最为自由的舞台,使宋代形成了“以天下自任,议论褒贬,无所顾避”的论政之风,同时也带来了学术创新的繁荣局面。

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HAIKOU
The capital city of Hainan. A city
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SANYA
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