问题 问答题

简述遗传素质在人身心发展中的作用。

答案

参考答案:

解析:(1)遗传素质是人的身心发展的生理前提,为人的身心发展提供了可能性。遗传素质是人的身心发展的物质基础和自然条件,它对人的生理、心理都有重要影响,现代科学也已证明遗传素质不仅影响人的智力,也影响人的个性特征。但是,遗传素质只是人的发展在生理方面的可能性,它不是现成的知识、才能、思想、观点、性格、爱好、道德品质等,它并不决定人的发展。人的知识、才能、思想、观点、性格、爱好、道德品质等都是在环境和教育的影响下后天形成的。离开了环境和教育的影响,遗传素质所给予人的发展的可能性便不能变成现实。 (2)遗传素质的发展过程制约着年轻一代身心发展的年龄特征。遗传素质并不是一开始就是成熟的,而是经历了一个由稚嫩到成熟的过程,它表现在人的身体的各种器官的构造及其机能的变化上,如大脑的发育、性的成熟等。遗传素质的成熟程度,为一定年龄阶段的身心特点的出现提供可能与限制,制约着年轻一代身心发展的年龄特点。 (3)遗传素质的差异性对人的身心发展有一定的影响作用。不同个体之间在遗传素质上是存在着客观差异的,这不仅体现在体态、感觉器官方面,也表现在神经活动的类型上。这种差异性对人的身心发展有着重要影响。 (4)遗传素质具有可塑性。随着环境、教育和实践活动的作用,人的遗传素质会逐渐地发生变化,这说明人的素质具有很强的可塑性。这为人接受教育,不断向前发展提供了可能。

阅读理解

The issue of privacy versus openness is a paradox, particularly when it comes to the American home. “Lots” or “yards” (gardens) can be large and many are not enclosed by the walls, fences or hedges so popular in other cultures. Similarly, “window treatments” frame the window. but the use of European-style net curtains to screen out nosy neighbors is rare. In the same style, first-time visitors to an American home may be proudly given the full tour; even walk-in closets and en suite bathrooms are not considered off-limits. They may also be encouraged to help themselves to a soda from the fridge. All this gives an impression of openness.

Yet Americans do value their personal space and privacy. A Brazilian expatriate (侨民) who dropped in on her usually friendly Connecticut neighbors unannounced got the clear impression she should have called first. Similarly while a typical suburban home features large, shared areas, such as an open-plan kitchen and family room or “den”, ample private space is also allowed in the floor plan. A visit to a family home in the evening would likely find the family members dispersed, each independently watching TV, on the phone, surfing the Internet, or otherwise recharging batteries in the privacy of their own bedroom.

American individualism, expansiveness, and abundance are expressed in lifestyle. Despite the fact that the average household size has declined over the past thirty years from3.1 people to 2.6 people per household, the average size of a new family home increased during the same period from 1,500 to 2,200 square feet.

A common observation is just how outsized everything is. The beds are king-sized, the TVs have giant screens, the burgers are “whoppers (庞然大物),” appliances are “industrial” size. The largest popcorn or soda at the movies can be “supersized.” Closets are “walk in,” and some cars are the size of a military vehicle.

小题1:The passage suggests that Americans__________.

A.are rich enough to afford large size houses and luxurious electricity appliances

B.are very shy when talking about keeping their privacy and their personal space

C.would like to express their lifestyles in public to show them off

D.enjoy openness as well as individualism although they seem to contradict each other小题2:Why can we say that American individualism, expansiveness, and abundance are expressed in their lifestyle?

A.Because the average size of a new house has increased during the past thirty years.

B.Because Americans often use European-style net curtains to screen out nosy neighbors.

C.Because many houses are equipped with walk-in closets.

D.Because the house size, outsized household furniture and independent living habits have proved it.小题3:The underlined phrase in the passage means________.

A.filling a battery with electrical power

B.recovering your strength and energy by resting for a while

C.changing your batteries again

D.obtaining new batteries because old ones are running out小题4:According to the passage, if you drop in on an American family which is usually friendly to you in the evening, you________.

A.will be deeply impressed by their family get-together scene

B.will be invited to a party which is well-prepared

C.will find family members scattered, and enjoying themselves individually

D.will be warmly welcomed even if they don’t get informed of your visit earlier

单项选择题