问题 问答题 简答题

请说明如何选取排烟温度、炉膛出口过量空气系数和热空气温度。

答案

参考答案:

(1)锅炉排烟温度的选择:从经济性和安全性两个方面考虑。经济性:排烟温度低,排烟热损小,锅炉效率高,节约燃料,但会使尾部受热面的传热温差大幅降低,增加了受热面积,浪费金属,提高了初投资。安全性:排烟温度过低,硫酸蒸汽结露,使低温受热面严重腐蚀及堵灰。

(2)炉膛出口过量空气系数的选取:原则是保证燃烧稳定的基础上,尽量减小损失。炉膛出口过量空气系数偏小时,炉内的不完全燃烧热损失增大;偏大时,过路的排烟热损失又增多。因此,存在最佳值使得锅炉上的热损失之和最小。锅炉的最佳过量空气系数值与燃烧室的结构、燃料种类和燃烧器的型式等有关。

(3)热空气温度的选择:原则是降低排烟温度,提高锅炉效率,保证燃料的着火、燃烬。理论上讲,热空气温度越高越好,但高到一定数值后,对强化燃烧没有太大的帮助,反而要耗费过多的空气预热器受热面,并增加尾部受热面布置的困难。一般,只要燃料能稳定燃烧,满足制粉系统干燥的需要,热空气温度就不必太高。

填空题
阅读理解

Vans, Keds, Dollies—they sound like the names of rock bands, but if you have teenagers, you'll know they're actually the latest in teenage footwear.

But experts are now warning that the latest shoes in different styles will be causing teenagers discomfort(不舒适) in the short term and storing up years of foot, knee and back pain in the future.

Here, the experts discover the problems caused by teenagers' shoe choice.

KEDS/VANS

Slip-on shoes with elastic (弹性的) sides are particularly popular among teenage boys - with Keds and Vans the most sought-after brands.

The main problem is that they are just too flat—so flat that the heel, which hits the ground first, also becomes damaged and painful.

BALLET PUMPS

The worst shoes of all are such light and thin dolly shoes. The problem is partly their flatness, as with Keds and Vans. However ballet pumps, which have no string or heel, have other specific problems.

“As the shoe has no fastening device, it relies on the toes to keep the shoe on, causing a difficult gait(步法), this leads to short- and long-term problems such as calluses(茧子), heel and knee pain.”

WEDGES AND STILETTOS

These shoes can also cause problems with gait. They may look good, but the heels on these are so high they can force the wearer's body weight forward, making them very shaky.

Teens who wear these shoes regularly are also in danger of joining those millions of women with continuous back pain.

SCHOOL SHOES

So what do podiatrists(足科医生)have on their wish list, especially for everyday wear?

Something in a natural, breathable fabric, with a string to hold it on, with a small heel and a deep toe-box that does not press the toes, such as Clark's, Marks & Spencer or Rhino.

If your teen insists on wearing 'bad' shoes, get them some simple foot orthotics(矫形器) in the shoes. These support and correct the movement of the foot and, properly fitted by a podiatrist, can often change their walk and halt the damage.

小题1:Of all the shoes mentioned(提到) in the passage, which can cause the worst problems?

A.Marks & Spencer.

B.Wedges & Stilettos.

C.Keds and Vans.

D.Ballet Pumps.小题2:Which pair of shoes may not be found on the podiatrists’ wish list?

A.

B.

C.

D.小题3:The underlined word “halt” in the last paragraph probably means _______.

A.increase

B.worsen

C.stop

D.cause小题4:In which column of Mail Online can you find this passage?

A.Sports.

B.Science.

C.Health.

D.Shopping.