问题 问答题 简答题

请说明如何选取排烟温度、炉膛出口过量空气系数和热空气温度。

答案

参考答案:

(1)锅炉排烟温度的选择:从经济性和安全性两个方面考虑。经济性:排烟温度低,排烟热损小,锅炉效率高,节约燃料,但会使尾部受热面的传热温差大幅降低,增加了受热面积,浪费金属,提高了初投资。安全性:排烟温度过低,硫酸蒸汽结露,使低温受热面严重腐蚀及堵灰。

(2)炉膛出口过量空气系数的选取:原则是保证燃烧稳定的基础上,尽量减小损失。炉膛出口过量空气系数偏小时,炉内的不完全燃烧热损失增大;偏大时,过路的排烟热损失又增多。因此,存在最佳值使得锅炉上的热损失之和最小。锅炉的最佳过量空气系数值与燃烧室的结构、燃料种类和燃烧器的型式等有关。

(3)热空气温度的选择:原则是降低排烟温度,提高锅炉效率,保证燃料的着火、燃烬。理论上讲,热空气温度越高越好,但高到一定数值后,对强化燃烧没有太大的帮助,反而要耗费过多的空气预热器受热面,并增加尾部受热面布置的困难。一般,只要燃料能稳定燃烧,满足制粉系统干燥的需要,热空气温度就不必太高。

阅读理解

●A 78-year-old grandmother whose education was cut short by the second world war celebrated an A-level with her 50-year-old daughter. Betty Allen and daughter Chris Branton of Sprotbrough, South Yorkshire, opened their results together on TV after completing the UK's only online English A-level course. Mrs Allen received a D and Ms Branton a C

●Actor Holly Grainger, 18, from East Didsbury, Manchester, achieved two As and two Bs. She is a regular face on television screens with roles in Terry Pratchett's Johnny and the Bomb and new legal drama New Street Law. She learned yesterday that she had landed a main part in a new school drama called Waterloo Road

●A teenage hockey star who hopes to play for England in the 2012 Olympic Games won three A-grades. Will Miles, 18, from Formby, Merseyside, who attends Merchant Taylors' school in Crosby, plans to study maths at Manchester University 

● Andrew Nowell, a student at Nottingham high school, got five grade As, including one of the top five marks in the country for his design and technology paper. He won the Young Engineers for Britain contest this year with an invention he produced for his Design and Technology A-Level - a "remote control and security interface system". He is off to Cambridge to study engineering .

● Jed McQueen Jones got A grades in chemistry, maths and physics, despite being diagnosed with a brain tumour in 2003 and being hospital for three months. Jed, a pupil at Richard Huish College in Taunton, restarted A-levels in September 2004 and continued chemotherapy(化疗)into that Christmas. He is going to Exeter University on a science scholarship to study physics.

1. How did Betty Allen learn English and complete the course?

A. On TV     B. On the Internet      C. By herself    D. Through her daughter

2. The underlined word “landed” in Paragraph Two means_______.

A. moved down   B. arrive at   C. catch up     D. got successfully

3. Which of the following statements is WRONG according to the passage?

A. She and her daughter were invited to appear online to celebrate.

B. Her daughter did worse than her in the English A-level course.

C. They completed the English A-level course on the internet.

D. Betty Allen’s education was stopped by the Second World War.

4. What really made Andrew Nowell prouder and more successful?

A. getting five grade As.

B. an invention.

C. his study on engineering

D. His job as an engineer

5. The best title of the passage is probably_________

A. Super students and their achievements

B. Super gifts account for great achievements

C. Hard work results in success

D. Star pupils and super students

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