问题 问答题

ABC公司的一种新型产品原有信用政策N/30,每天平均销量为20个,每个售价为75元,平均收账天数40天;公司销售人员提出了新的政策,以便促销产品,新的政策包括改变信用政策:“2/10,N/50”,同时以每个60元的价格销售,预计改变政策后每天能多售出 60个,估计80%的客户会享受折扣,预计平均收账天数为45天。企业资本成本率为10%,存货单位变动年储存成本是9元,每次订货成本为225元,该新型产品的每个购买价格为50元。
要求:
(1)计算公司该产品改变政策前后的经济订货量和最佳订货次数;
(2)若单位缺货成本为5元,存货正常交货期为10天,延迟交货1天的概率为0.2,延迟交货2天的概率为0.1,不延迟交货的概率为0.7,计算合理的保险储备和再订货点;
(3)按照上面确定的经济订货量和再订货点进行采购,综合判断应否改变政策。

答案

参考答案:(1)原政策:
年销量=20×360=7 200(个)
经济订货量=(2×7 200×225/9)1/2=600(个)
订货次数=7 200/600=12(次)
新政策:
年销量=80×360=28 800(个)
经济订货量=(2×28 800×225/9)1/2=1 200(个)
订货次数=28 800/1 200=24(次)
(2)改变政策前:
每天需要量20个,正常交货期内需要量=10×20=200(个)
若延期交货1天,则交货期内的需要量=11×20=220 (个)
若延期交货2天,则交货期内的需要量=12×20=240(个)
不设保险储备(即B=0)时:
再订货点=200+0=200(个)
缺货量S=(220-200)×0.2+(240-200)×0.1=8(个)
相关成本TC(S,B)=5×8×12=480(元)
保险储备为20个(即B=20)时:
再订货点=200+20=220(个)
缺货量S=(240-220)×0.1=2(个)
相关成本TC(S,B)×5×2×12+20×9=300(元)
保险储备为40个(即B=40)时:
再订货点=200+40=240(个)
缺货量S=0
相关成本TC(S,B)=40×9=360(元)
所以合理保险储备为20个,再订货点为220个。
改变政策后:
每天需要量80个,正常交货期内需要量=10×80=800(个)
若延期交货1天,则交货期内的需要量=11×80=880(个)
若延期交货2天,则交货期内的需要量=12×80=960(个)
设保险储备(即B=0)时:
再订货点×800+0=800(个)
缺货量S=(880-800)×0.2+(960-800)×0.1=32(个)
相关成本TC(S,B)=5×32×24=3 840(元)
保险储备为80个(即B=80)时:
再订货点=800+80=880(个)
缺货量S=(960-800)×0.1=16(个)
相关成本TC(S,B)=5×16×24+80×9=2 640(元)
保险储备为160个(即B=160)时:
再订货点=800+160=960(个)
缺货量S=0
相关成本TC(S,B)=160×9=1 440(元)
所以合理保险储备为160个,再订货点为960个。
(3)
单位:元

原政策 新政策
销售收入 7 200×75=540 000 28 800×60=1 728 000
销售成本 7 000×50=360 000 28 800×50=1 440 000
销售毛利 180 000 288 000
日销售额 75×20=1 500 80×60=4 800
应收账款的应计利息 1 500×40×(50÷75)×10%=4 000 4 800×45×(50/60)×10%=18 000
变动储存成本 (600/2+20)=2 700 (1 200×÷2+160)×9=6 840
变动订货成本 12×225=2 700 24×225=5 400
折扣成本 0 1 728 000×80%×2%=27 648
缺货成本 5×2×12=120 0
税前收益 170 300 230 112
所以,应该改变政策。

单项选择题
单项选择题

I remember my math teacher Mr. Young very well. He stood out because the kids made fun of him. He was missing one of his fingers, and always pointed at students with his middle finger.

I was not very good at English and math. No matter how hard I tried, I just could not figure out why I did not understand what all the other kids found so easy to learn.

One day, I was told that if I got one more E on my report card, I would be taken to the" big prison for kids".

I tried really hard for weeks. I just couldn’t understand how to make different parts of members into whole things.

The day before report cards were to come out, I knew that Mr. Young would give me an E ,just like he always did.

I went to Mr. Young and told him that the orphanage was going to send me to the big prison if I got another E on my report card. He told me there was nothing he could do;it would be unfair to the other kids if he gave me a better grade than I had actually earned.

I smiled at him and said, "Mr. Young, do you know how the kids make fun of you because you’re missing your finger" He looked at me, moved his mouth to one side and said nothing.

"They shouldn’t do that to you because you can’t help having a finger, Mr. Young. Just like I can’t help not being able to learn numbers and stuff like that. "I said.

The next day, when I got my report card, I tucked it into one of my books. While on the school bus, I opened it : Geography, B+ ; Mechanical Drawing, C- ; English, D- ; History, C- ; Gym, B+ ; Art, C ; Math, D-.

That math grade was the most favorite one I ever received. Because I knew that someone in the world finally understood what it was like for me to be missing a finger inside my head.

From the second paragraph we can infer that the boy is()in some subjects.

A. mind-blowing

B. slow-witted

C. fun-loving

D. badly-behaved