问题 问答题

试析东汉豪强地主田庄经济的特点及其历史地位。

答案

参考答案:(1)特点:
①规模大,多种经营。经过数十年甚至近百年的土地兼并,东汉的豪强地主田庄的规模都十分巨大。在规模巨大的田庄中,一般以农业为主,兼营林、牧、渔各业,还从事某些手工业或进行一定的商业和高利贷活动,生产和生活数据都能自给自足。
②聚族而居,宾客相附,宗族宗法色彩浓厚,阶级矛盾相对缓和。东汉地主田庄往往以宗族为核心聚族而居,社会动乱时,每个田庄就是一个坞堡。田庄主既是占有整个庄园的大地主,又是宗族长。宗族、宾客、徒附、部曲、奴婢,在庄园里所处地位不同,对庄园主有极强的依附性,有严格的长幼尊卑之序,田庄主常以宗主的名义对族人进行安抚慰问,阶级矛盾与对抗相对比较缓和,从而显示了较强的凝聚力。
③拥有私人武装。豪强地主拥有私人武装,主要由依附农民中的青壮年男子组成,称为“部曲”或者“家兵”,其任务是看家护院,后来转变成豪强地主 * * 农民起义和拥兵割据的武装力量。
④与白耕农经济相比,地主田庄具有很强的生存和发展能力。地主田庄实力雄厚,可以组织大规模农业生产,具有兴修水利、制造推广信农具、实施耕作新技术等等的能力,这是个体自耕农不可能做到的。
(2)历史地位:
随着地主庄园经济的形成,我国封建社会初期的宗族组织和宗法制度也有了发展。但东汉 * * 从一开始就建立在豪强宗法势力统治的基础上,这也是东汉一代的地方宗法势力不断发展,以至于控制了地方政治、经济、军事力量,造成严重的封建割据,形成军阀混战、三国分立的重要原因。

完形填空
I take the train to work every morning from a train station near my house. I can get to the station quite  _36__ because there’s a short cut(捷径)to the station. But in the summer, it can get quite smelly because of all the   37. So I always try to   38   through it. Today I was trying to do so as usual __39__ something made me stop for a moment. I saw the most beautiful __40__ by an old woman walking in front of me with the help of a white __41__.
She was short and   42   and had white hair. She was walking __43__ as each step took some effort. I hadn’t specially noticed her   44 , until she stopped near a rubbish bin(垃圾箱).
She slowly placed her walking stick ___45__ the rubbish bin. Then she leaned (斜倚着) on it with her right hand. She bent down and _46__ the rubbish. She clearly found it  _47___ and it took her a while. She _48__ some rubbish with her left hand and slowly straightened herself up again. All the while she used the rubbish bin to __49   herself. She threw the rubbish inside the bin and then   50  walking. It all took her great effort.
There’s no much rubbish and no one ever does ___51__ about it. I was moved to _52__ this old woman make such a great effort to keep even a small part of it __53__! I haven’t been able to __54__ thinking about that all day.
I want to follow her example. I’ve decided to pick up rubbish of the __55__ if I meet from now on. I hope people will do the same as I do.
小题1:
A.hardB.early C.easilyD.late
小题2:
A.rubbishB.boxesC.bottlesD.paper
小题3:
A.walkB.passC.goD.rush
小题4:
A.soB.therefore C.whenD.because
小题5:
A.backB.actC.markD.color
小题6:
A.bikeB.stickC.dogD.umbrella
小题7:
A.weakB.richC.cleverD.sad
小题8:
A.quicklyB.happilyC.angrilyD.slowly
小题9:
A.at midnightB.at duskC.at lastD.at first
小题10:
A.in B.aroundC.againstD.under
小题11:
A.searched forB.threw awayC.reached for D.looked for
小题12:
A.unable B.difficult C.differentD.impossible
小题13:
A.picked upB.dropped downC.put inD.lifted up
小题14:
A.warmB.helpC.supportD.hide
小题15:
A.continuedB.startedC.enjoyedD.remembered
小题16:
A.somethingB.anythingC.everythingD.nothing
小题17:
A.feelB.seeC.haveD.let
小题18:
A.busyB.beautifulC.dirtyD.clean
小题19:
A.keepB.stopC.mindD.regret
小题20:
A.wall B.deskC.groundD.classroom
单项选择题