问题 问答题

根据“政治发展是社会发展的一个组成部分”的原理,试述推进我国政治文明建设的意义。

答案

参考答案:(1)马克思主义认为,政治发展是社会发展的一个组成部分,社会发展从纵向看表现为社会形态由低级到高级的更替;从横向看表现为社会各要素在社会系统中的相互作用。
(2)政治发展与社会发展的性质是统一的,政治发展依社会发展的性质而转移,政治发展的性质又决定了社会发展的方向和道路。
(3)社会结构诸因素中,政治是最重要的因素之一,政治要素在社会转型中起着关键的、全局的作用,因此需要从政治的高度看问题,把握社会前进的政治方向。同时也要注意社会发展与政治发展的辩证关系,既看到经济因素对政治发展的制约作用,也要重视政治发展对经济发展、社会发展的巨大反作用。
(4)这一原理对我国政治文明建设的意义在于:有助于深化人们对社会政治发展规律的认识;根据这种认识来积极推动政治体制的发展;积极学习借鉴世界政治文明的合理内容,达到政治、经济、社会的共同发展和进步,建设具有社会主义物质文明、政治文明、精神文明的现代化国家。

填空题

Some consumer researchers distinguish_____(1) "rational" motives and "emotional" (or "non-rational") motives. They use the term "rationality"_____(2) the traditional economic sense that assumes_____(3) consumers behave rationally when they carefully consider all alternatives_____(4) choose those that give them the greatest utility (i.e., satisfaction). _____(5) a marketing context, the term "rationality" implies that the consumer selects goods based_____(6) totally objective criteria, such_____(7) size, weight, price, and so on. "Emotional" motives imply the selection of goods____(8) to personal or subjective criteria — the desire_____(9) individuality, pride, fear, affection or status.The assumption underlying this distinction is____(10) subjective or emotional criteria do not maximize utility or satisfaction. _____ (11), it is reasonable to assume that consumers always attempt to select alternatives that, ____(12) their view, serve to maximize satisfaction. Obviously, the assessment of satisfaction is a very personal process, based_____(13) the individual’’s own needs as_____(14) as on past behavioral, social, and learning experiences. What may appear_____(15) irrational to an outside observer may be perfectly rational ______(16) the context of the consumer’’s own psychological field. For example, a product purchased to enhance one’’s self-image (such as a fragrance) is a perfectly rational form of consumer behavior. ____(17) behavior did not appear rational to the person who undertakes it_____ (18) the time that it is undertaken, obviously he or she would not do it._____(19) the distinction between rational and emotional motives does not appear to be warranted.Some researchers go so far_____(20) to suggest that emphasis_____ (21) "needs" obscures the rational, or conscious, nature of most consumer motivation. They claim that con sumers act consciously____(22) maximize their gains and minimize their losses; that they act not____(23) subconscious drives but from rational preferences,____(24) what they perceive to be_____(25) their own best interests.

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