问题 多项选择题

在黑箱方法的第一步骤中,人跟箱子耦合起来,两者形成了一个有反馈的机器,在这其中,作为研究对象的是()

A.观察者

B.被观察者

C.观察者与被观察者的关系

D.耦合系统的内部结构和机理

答案

参考答案:B, C

阅读理解与欣赏

阅读下面的文言文,完成后面题目。

贞观六年,太宗谓尚书左仆射房玄龄曰:“比有山东崔、卢、李、郑四姓,虽累叶陵迟,犹恃其旧地,好自矜大,称为士大夫。每嫁女他族,必广索聘财,多为贵,论数定约,同市贾,甚损风俗,有紊礼经。既轻重失宜,理须改革。”乃诏吏部尚书高士廉、御史大夫韦挺、中书侍郎岑文本、礼部侍郎令狐德棻等,刊正姓氏,普天下谱牒,兼据凭史传,剪其浮华,定其真伪,忠贤褒进,悖逆者贬黜,撰为《氏族志》。

士廉等及进定氏族等第,遂崔干为第一等。太宗谓曰:“我与山东崔、卢、李、郑,旧既无嫌,其世代衰微,全无官宦,犹自云士大夫,婚姻之际,则多索财物;或才识庸下,而偃仰自高,依托富贵,我不解人间何为重之?且士大夫有能立功,爵位崇重,善事君父,忠孝可称,或道义清素,学艺通博,此亦足为门户,可谓天下士大夫。今崔、卢之属,宁比当朝之贵?公卿已下,何暇多输钱物,兼与他气势?向声背实,以得为荣。我今定氏族,诚欲崇树今朝冠冕,何因崔干犹第一等,卿等不贵我官爵耶?不论数代已前只取今日官品人才作等级宜一量定用为永则。”遂以崔干为第三等。

至十二年,书成,凡百卷,颁天下。又诏曰:“氏族之美,实系于冠冕,婚姻之道,莫先于仁义。自有魏失御,齐氏云亡,市朝既迁,风俗陵替。燕、赵古姓,多失衣冠之绪,齐、韩旧族,或礼义之风。名不著州闾,身未免于贫贱,自号高门之胄,不匹嫡之仪,问名惟在于窃赀,结褵必归于富室。乃有新官之辈,丰财之家,慕其祖宗,竞结婚姻,多纳货贿,有如贩鬻。或自贬家门,受辱于姻娅;或其旧望,行无礼于舅姑。积习成俗,迄今未已,既紊人伦,实亏名教。朕夙夜兢惕,忧勤政道,往代蠹害,咸已惩革,唯此弊风,未能尽变。自今以后,明加告示,使识嫁娶之序,务合礼典,称朕意焉。”

(选自《贞观政要·礼乐第二十九》,有删节)

【注】①累叶陵迟:指家世衰落。②问名:古代婚礼“六礼”之一。男家请媒人问女方的名字和生辰八字。

③结褵:成婚。

小题1:对下列句子中加点词的解释,正确的一项是(3分)

A.普天下谱牒责:责备

B.或礼义之风乖:违背

C.不匹嫡之仪敦:勉励

D.或其旧望矜:同情小题2:下列各组句子中,加点词的意义和用法都相同的一组是(3分)

A.多为贵遂崔干为第一等

B.论数定约,同市贾 名不著州闾

C.忠贤褒进 我今定氏族

D.其世代衰微何因崔干犹第一等小题3:下列文句中,断句正确的一项是(3分)

A.不论数代/已前只取今日官品/人才作等级宜一量定/用为永则

B.不论数代/已前只取今日官品人才/作等级宜一/量定用为永则

C.不论数代已前/只取今日官品人才作等级/宜一量定/用为永则

D.不论数代已前/只取今日/官品人才作等级宜一/量定用为永则小题4:下列对原文有关内容的分析和概括,不正确的一项是(3分)

A.崔、卢、李、郑四个家族在嫁女儿的时候大肆索取聘礼,并根据聘礼的数量决定婚约,唐太宗认为这样做严重败坏社会风俗。

B.唐太宗命高士廉、韦挺、岑文本等人撰写《氏族志》,校正姓氏等级,删除其中的浮夸成分,考订真假,褒奖忠贤,贬黜叛逆。

C.唐太宗认为,士大夫如果能立下功劳,爵位崇高显赫,忠孝两全,或者道德高尚,学问技艺通达渊博,就能称为真正的士大夫。

D.《氏族志》的颁行,彻底革除了燕、赵古姓和齐、韩旧族在嫁娶时贪图钱财、攀附权贵的不良风气,唐太宗对此感到十分满意。小题5:根据具体要求分别完成下列各题。(10分)

(1)将下列句子翻译为现代汉语。(7分)

①今崔、卢之属,宁比当朝之贵?(3分)

②积习成俗,迄今未已,既紊人伦,实亏名教。(4分)

(2)从本文看,唐太宗对士大夫的婚姻有怎样的要求?(可自己概括,也可引用原文)(3分)

阅读理解

阅读理解。

    The World Health Organization raised the pandemic (流行病) flu alert (警戒) to six, the highest level,

which means that the H1N1 swine flu is spreading world-wide.

    The WHO will ask all countries, including the countries that haven't yet reported any cases, to make plans

to control this disease.

    "It was reported that about 35,000 people infected with the H1N1 virus in 74 counties," Margaret Chan, an

officer of the WHO, said on Thursday. "Further spread of the disease is possible," Ms Chan said. So far, WHO

doesn't expect a sudden jump in the number of serious or dead cases reported.

    In Australia, the number of people who got the flu became more than three times as many as before in the

past week, reaching 1,263 on Thursday, when three new ones were reported in this country. It recorded its

first case of the disease on May 9. "Australia tells us not because of the number of cases, but because of the

strong facts of community transmission (群体性传播)," said the spokesman for the World Health Organization.

He said the WHO is also watching on similar evidence in the UK, Spain, Japan and Chile.

    In Hong Kong, the government on Thursday ordered the nurseries, kindergartens and primary schools to

close for two weeks after a dozen students at one school tested positive (阳性的) for swine flu. Elsewhere in

Asia, health officials in Thailand found 30 new H1N1 cases, raising the total there to 46.

1. How many levels does WHO use to warn people against the pandemic flu? [ ]

A. Five.

B. Six.

C. Seven.

D. Eight.

2. WHO raised the pandemic flu alert to the highest level because _____. [ ]

A. all countries in the world have reported dead cases

B. there is a sudden jump in the number of cases reported

C. there is no medicine to cure this flu

D. it is spreading in the world

3. Which of the following is true according to the passage? [ ]

A. The number of people who got the flu has dropped slightly in the past week in Australia.

B. The WHO ask the countries that have reported cases to make plans to control the disease.

C. The number of people who got the flu reached more than 1,000 in Australia on Thursday.

D. The Hong Kong government ordered all schools to close for two weeks on Thursday.

4. This passage mainly tells us something about _____. [ ]

A. WHO's raising the pandemic flu alert

B. how to prevent this kind of flu

C. people who got the pandemic flu 

D. the ways to avoid the serious pandemic flu