问题 问答题 简答题

空分设备中常用的电动机有哪几种型式,分别用在什么场合?

答案

参考答案:

在空分设备中常用的电动机几乎全是三相交流电动机。三相交流电动机又分为异步电动机和同步电动机两大类。同步电动机的转速与电网的频率保持严格不变的关系,即:

N60f/P

式中P--磁极对数;

F-电网频率,正常情况为50Hz;

N-电机转速,r/min。

例如,对两极(P=1)的同步电动机,同步转速为3000r/min;对四极电机,P=2,n=1500r/min。而异步电动机的转速总要小于同步转速,它是靠其相位差产生转动力矩的。

异步电动机使用最为广泛。它由定子和转子两部分组成,并分别有定子及转子绕组。定子绕组由外包绝缘的铜(铝)导线制成。随着转子绕组不同,异步电动机又分为鼠笼式及绕线式两种。鼠笼式电动机转子绕组形式像个笼子,一般用浇铸而成。绕线式电动机转子绕组由包绝缘的导线制成,三相绕组每相末端引出一根导线接到滑环上。

鼠笼式电动机的结构简单、运转可靠、造价便宜、启动简单,使用得最多。但功率因数低。在空分设备中的液氧泵、水泵、鼓风机等功率较小的机械都用鼠笼式电动机。

绕线式电动机转子构造比鼠笼式电动机复杂。但它具备鼠笼式电动机没有的特性。在启动时转子线圈中串入电阻器或频敏变阻器,可使启动电流减小而启动转矩增大。调节转子串入的电阻值还可以调节电动机转速。绕线式电动机用在功率较大的空压机、氧压机上。

同步电动机的定子与异步电动机相同,只是转子铁芯上套有直流激磁绕组,它有两根引出线接到两个滑环上,由外界供给激磁直流电,以便形成恒定磁极。同步电动机的转速不随负载大小变化而变化。此外,它的电能利用率高,也就是功率因数高。同步电动机主要用在空气压缩机、氧气压缩机这种要求恒速的、功率较大的设备上。

单项选择题
写作题

第二节读写任务 (共1小题,满分25分)

阅读下面的短文,然后按照要求写一篇150词左右的英语短文。

阅读下面的新闻报道,然后按照要求写一篇150个词左右的英语短文。

13 Farmers Moved China

CCTV.com News: 13 farmers from Yutian Country, Tangshan City, Hebei Province have formed a rescue team to the snowstorm stricken areas in South China. On the Eve of the Spring Festival, driving a rented bus for Chenzhou, Hunan ,they joined the disaster relief team. On the spot of a Chenzhou’s emergency repair ,Song Zhiyong ,a farmer in Tangshan ,and also the group leader of the voluntary rescue team is working hard with 12 brothers in the village.

Song Zhiyong said that the idea of giving the support to the disaster area first accurred to them on Dec. 28 of the lunar year, when the celebration of the New Year was approaching. They planned to donate some money to Chenzhou there at the very beginning. However ,later ,they thought that was not enough and then they changed their mind.

“We should arrive at the front line, which is also a kind of comfort to the people there.” Song Zhiyong thought to himself.

When the journalists ask why they come to their rescue ,they said, “we have experienced the oversized earthquake before ,and at that time the people from all over China helped us. I think we also should try our best to help others in trouble and do what we could for them.”

[写作内容]

1.以约30个词概括上述新闻要点;

2.以约120个词发表看法,并包括如下要点;

(1)谈谈你对他们的行为的评价,并说出理由;   

(2)你读后的感受与启示。

[写作要求]   

1.可以使用实例来支持你的论点,也可以参照阅读材料的内容论述,但不得直接引用原文中的句子;  

2.文中不得出现真实姓名和学校名称;    

3.标题自定。

[评分标准]  概括准确,语言规范,内容合适,篇章连贯。