问题 综合题

(15分)【历史上重大改革回眸】

阅读材料,回答问题:

材料一 魏孝文帝的文化习俗改革是从婚俗改革开始的,……拓跋贵族与汉族高门建立了广泛的姻亲关系。……太和二十年改鲜卑复姓,在把宗族十姓改为汉姓的同时,还特别规定十姓百世不通婚。

——史仲文《中国全史》

材料二 宗教改革前,婚姻审判权掌握在天主教会手里。……欧洲盛行僧侣教士的独身制度……推行禁欲主义成为罗马教会公开标榜的政府目标,提倡不婚单身,并且规定不允许离婚。当时,有40%的妇女过单身生活。……马丁·路德发起了修女还俗、教士结婚运动,提出制定新的婚姻法规,用政府控制的世俗法庭或由政府授权的教会法庭审核批准结婚。

——朱孝远《宗教改革和婚姻的世俗化》

(1)据材料一、二概括北魏孝文帝和马丁·路德在婚俗方面的各自改革措施。(9分)

(2)综合上述材料,谈谈你对婚俗改革作用的认识。(6分)

答案

(1)措施:北魏孝文帝:禁止鲜卑族宗族十姓通婚,提倡鲜卑贵族与汉族土族通婚。

马丁·路德:允许宗教人员结婚,制定婚姻法规,婚姻裁判权由世俗 * * 掌握。(9分)

(2)认识:婚俗改革是政治改革的重要组成部分,政治联姻是处理政治矛盾的一种有效策略;婚俗变化反应时代变化并推动社会进步。(6分)

题目分析:该题以婚姻习俗改革为切入点考察了北魏孝文帝改革和宗教改革,(1)各自改革措施结合材料概括即可,孝文帝主要涉及“禁止鲜卑族宗族十姓通婚,提倡鲜卑贵族与汉族土族通婚”,而路德主要是“允许宗教人员结婚,制定婚姻法规,婚姻裁判权由世俗 * * 掌握”;(2)对婚姻习俗改革的作用主要结合婚姻与政治、婚姻与社会生活变迁的关系方面回答即可,婚俗改革是政治改革的重要组成部分,政治联姻是处理政治矛盾的一种有效策略;婚俗变化反应时代变化并推动社会进步。

完形填空

“My name’s Jim Shelley and I’m an addict(有瘾的人). . . ”

With these words I began to ___36___ the problem, the problem of my telephone addiction. I used to call people ___37___, from the moment I woke up to the time I went to sleep. I ___38___ to be phoned, I wanted to phone. Just one more call.

It started socially . It seemed ___39___, just a quick chat. Gradually though, the ___40___ got worse. Soon it was ___41___ use, until, finally, addiction.

And it began to affect(影响) my ___42___. During the day I would disappear for ___43___ call. If I couldn’t make a call, I spent the whole time waiting for the phone to ring. Getting more and more ___44___, in the end, I would ring someone, then someone else, ___45___ myself just one more call.

I was phoning people and ___46___ messages to make sure ___47___ calls would see me through the day. I used to arrive at friends

homes and before the door was closed, go straight for the phone with the ___48___ “Is it OK if I just use the phone. . . ?” At work, I became ___49___ when my fellow workers tried to ___50___ me from using the phone. And one day I hit my boss(with the phone). Finally, the police caught me ___51___ a phone box that had taken my last one pound coin, and I was ___52___ to see a psychiatrist(心理医生).

I haven’t ___53___ a phone in the house for three weeks now, and it’s several days ___54___ I used a phone box. I try not to watch TV because there are ___55___ people on it making phone calls. My name is Jim Shelley and I am an addict.

36. A. face      B. find    C. accept D. notice

37. A. now and then      B. all the time C. at home      D. at work

38. A. tried     B. asked  C. waited D. invited

39. A. polite   B. important   C. fine    D. special

40. A. condition     B. situation     C. result  D. effect

41. A. frequent       B. regular       C. unusual      D. particular

42. A. friends  B. study  C. family D. work

43. A. a quick B. a secret      C. an expected       D. an extra

44. A. hopeful B. delighted    C. frightened  D. anxious

45. A. forcing B. telling C. giving D. limiting

46. A. leaving B. taking C. passing       D. recording

47. A. long     B. immediate  C. enough       D. surprising

48. A. saying  B. demands     C. wish   D. words

49. A. careful  B. mad    C. determined D. helpless

50. A. save     B. reduce C. protect       D. stop

51. A. destroying    B. using  C. stealing      D. emptying

52. A. offered B. guided       C. ordered      D. reminded

53. A. missed  B. had     C. received     D. fixed

54. A. as  B. when  C. if D. since

55. A. always  B. just     C. more   D. different

多项选择题