问题 问答题 简答题

为什么开大膨胀机进气凸轮反而会使制冷量减小,如何用凸轮调节制冷量?

答案

参考答案:

开大膨胀机的进气凸轮,使进气活门开启的时间加长,进气量加大,即膨胀量增大。但是,在制氧机的启动调整阶段,当液氧液面继续上涨,制冷量有富裕,需要减少制冷量时,也是采用开大膨胀机进气凸轮的调整方法。

为什么增大膨胀量反而会减少制冷量呢?这是因为膨胀机的制冷量不仅取决于膨胀量,还与膨胀空气的单位制冷量有关。而单位制冷量与膨胀前后的压力、温度有关。当机前压力降低时,单位制冷量减少。当膨胀机进气阀开大时,将使高压空气的压力降低,膨胀机的单位制冷量减少,同时使节流效应制冷量也减少,所以,总制冷量反而是减少的。因此,膨胀机制冷量的大小不能只看进气凸轮的开度。还要看膨胀机前的空气压力。

制氧机在启动时,空气节流阀(节-1)尚未打开,而活塞式空压机的压气量基本上是一定的。因此,如果凸轮在某一开度下,高压压力已稳定,则压缩的空气已全部通过膨胀机。这时,再开大凸轮并不能增加制冷量,反而会使高压压力降低而减少制冷量。因此,在开大凸轮的同时,应使高压压力保持在允许的最高压力,这样才能产生最大的制冷量。

在降压操作、减少制冷量时,如果正常操作的高压压力越低,装置的电耗越省,所以应尽可能发挥膨胀机的制冷能力。当开大凸轮,增加膨胀机的进气度时,可以提高膨胀机的效率,多生产一些冷量。所以凸轮的开度一般都在最大进气位置,少量的冷量调节靠改变节-1阀的开度,用以改变高压空气的压力。

阅读理解

Sitting on the peaceful coast of Galapagos Islands. Ecuador, watching the sun move quietly into the sea, you shouldn't forget that Charles Darwin (1809-1882) arrived here in 1835. He stayed on the islands for five weeks, observing various animals. This finally inspired (启发) his famous work, On the Origin of Species. You can certainly follow Darwin's footsteps and enjoy a trip from four to seven days to the islands. The islands are certainly a paradise (天堂) for wildlife, as there are no natural killers on the islands and the number of boats and visitors is under government control. Though you cannot walk freely as Darwin did about 200 years ago, each day is as impressive as it could be. The most well-known animal of the Galapagos is the giant tortoise(巨型海龟), which can be seen moving slowly around the highlands of Sanra Cruz, the second largest island in the archipelago(群岛). Some of these creatures are so old that they might have been seen in their youth by Darwin himself. Despite strict control over activities and timing, your stay on the Galapagos will be remembered as a chain of incomparable pictures: diving with sea lions that swim and play within inches of you; feeling small sharks touch your feet as you swim; and, most magically, seeing a whale and her baby surface with a great breath of air. Travelling between the islands and observing the wildlife that so inspired Darwin, you will feel as though you are getting a special view of an untouched world. At night you will sleep on board the ship, leaving the wildlife in complete occupation of the islands, which are as undisturbed now as they have been since the beginning of time.

小题1: What do we know about Darwin's visit to the islands?

A.He studied different creatures on the islands

B.He completed his famous book on the islands

C.He was touched by the geography of the islands

D.He was attracted by well-known animals of the islands小题2:  Which of the following plays a role in making the islands "a paradise for wildlife"?

A.Animals on the islands feed on grass.

B.Local government forbids killing wildlife.

C.People cannot visit the islands as they wish.

D.Tourists are not allowed to touch the animals.小题3:  Your stay on the islands will be most impressive mainly because of_________.

A.The beautiful sea views

B.Darwin's inspiring trip

C.a closer view of animals

D.various daring activities小题4:  Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?

A.A Unique Attraction for Wildlife Lovers

B.Calapagos as a Paradise for Adventures

C.Charles Darwin as a Symbol of Galapagos

D.A Successful Example of Wildlife Protection

单项选择题