问题 问答题 简答题

如何净除粗氩中的氧?

答案

参考答案:

氩在上塔的分布并不是固定不变的。当氧、氮纯度发生变化时,即工况稍有变动,氩在塔内的分布也相应地发生变化。但氩馏分抽口的位置是固定不变的,因此,氩馏分抽口的组分也将发生变化。经验证明,氧气纯度变化0.1%,氩馏分中含氧量就要变化0.8%~1%。氩馏分中含氩量是随氧纯度提高而降低的。氩馏分组分的改变就直接影响进入粗氩塔的氩馏分量。在粗氩塔冷凝器冷凝量一定的情况下,氩馏分中含氧越高,进入粗氩塔的氩馏分量就越多。反之就少。同时,上塔的液气比也随之变化。这样,粗氩塔的工况就不稳定,甚至不能工作。其具体影响如下:

如果氩馏分含氧过高,将导致粗氩产品含氧量增高,产量降低,氩的提取率降低。同时也可能引起除氧炉温度过高。

如果氩馏分含氮量高,使粗氩塔冷凝器中温差减小,甚至降为零。这样,粗氩气冷凝量减少或者不冷凝,使粗氮塔无法正常工作。这将使氩馏分抽出量减少,上升气流速度降低,造成塔板漏液。并且,随着氩馏分抽出量减少,上塔回流比也相应减少,氧纯度提高,使得氩馏分中含氮量也相应减少。于是,冷凝蒸发器温差又会扩大,馏分抽出量将自动增大,氩馏分中的含氮量又随之增大。这样反复变化,使粗氩塔无法正常工作。因此,只有在空分设备工况特别稳定,氧、氮纯度都合乎要求时才能将粗氩塔投入工作。

当氩馏分不符合要求,含氮量过大时,可关小送氧阀,开大排氮阀。这时,提馏段的富氩区上升,氩馏分中含氮下降;同时含氧量增加,含氩量也有所下降。当馏分中含氩量过低时,关小液氮调节阀,提高排氮纯度,可提高馏分中的含氩量。在操作时,应特别注意液氧面的升降。氧、氮产量的调节,空气量的调整都要缓慢进行,并要及时、恰当,力求液氧液面的稳定。

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     Nuclearpowered aircraft carriers are considered one of the most important marine weapons in the

20th century. So far, only two countries in the world, the USA and France, have ever produced them.

But these fearful fighting machines are about to enter Asia.

     The US Navy said last month that one of its nine nuclearpowered aircraft carriers will be sent to

Japan to replace the diesel(柴油)powered carrier Kitty Hawk in 2008. In an agreement on October

30, the two countries also planned to level up their military (军事的) cooperation and the USA called

for Japan to take a larger role in alliance military moves.

     It will be the first time that a nuclearpowered carrier is based in Japan. Bombed by US forces in

World War ? at Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Japan is the only world country to have been attacked by a

nuclear weapon. Therefore, the citizens are highly sensitive to where nuclearpowered weapons are

based.

      "A radiation leak at Yokosuka would kill 100,000 people as far away as Tokyo, and could cause

billions of dollars in damage," said Masahiko Goto, leader of a protest group in Yokosuka. His group

has collected more than 300,000 signatures of people across Japan opposed to the nuclear carrier.

     The 44yearold Kitty Hawk, the US Navy's oldest active ship, has been based in Yokosuka since

1998. It had returned to the US to be decommissioned in 2008. The new carrier, yet to be unveiled,_

will travel faster, be capable of supporting longer operations and carry with it the Navy's most modern

technology.

     Experts pointed that this change is not only to strengthen the USJapan military alliance but also to

keep the military power of China and North Korea within limits. However, even Japanese experts don't

believe that the two countries are threats to the region.

     "There is no need for Japan to have a nuclear carrier as defense," said Tetsuo Maeda, an international

relations professor at Tokyo International University. He said that the change of ship indicates an

increased military capability in the region, much more than what is needed.

1. With such a formidable weapon to enter its country, Japanese citizens ________.

A. are aware of its benefits to the country

B. are anxious about its potential danger

C. are curious about the advanced technology

D. are against where the carrier will be based

2. The replacement of the aircraft carrier is intended to________.

A. set up a kind of base in Japan

B. strengthen the USJapan military alliance

C. show Japan's greater military capability

D. get rid of the dated marine weapon

3. From the story, we learn that________.

A. no other countries except the USA and France possess aircraft carriers

B. Japan has long planned to increase its military capability with new weapons

C. Japan will be the first country in Asia to have a nuclear aircraft carrier

D. Japan will be the third country to produce a nuclearpowered aircraft carrier

4. The underlined word "unveiled" in the fifth paragraph probably means________.

A. perfected  

B. discussed about

C. produced  

D. brought to view