问题 论述题

人民日报发表评论员文章指出:我们党作为马克思主义政党,历来把理论创新看做永葆自己生机活力的根本,而理论创新是在不断推进马克思主义中国化过程中实现的。改革开放30年来,以邓 * * 为代表的中 * * 党人在我国改革开放和现代化建设的实践中创立了邓 * * 理论。在世纪之交,面对新的形势和任务,以江 * * 同志为核心的党中央领导全国人民在建设有中国特色社会主义伟大实践中,创立了“三个代表”重要思想,它推动了中国特色社会主义建设事业和党的伟大工程的进一步发展。党的十六大以来,以胡 * * 为代表的中 * * 党人,不断推进党的理论创新,提出了以人为本、全面协调可持续发展的科学发展观。中 * * 党几代中央领导集体的理论创新,丰富和发展了中国特色社会主义理论体系,是推进中国特色社会主义事业的科学纲领和理论指南。历史经验表明,坚持马克思主义基本原理同中国国情相结合,是中 * * 党理论创新的一条基本规律。

请从辩证唯物主义唯物论与认识论的角度,说明中 * * 党不断坚持与时俱进,进行理论创新的原因。(9分)

答案

①物质与意识存在辩证关系,物质决定意识,意识具有能动作用。要求我们要一切从实际出发,实事求是,主观符合客观。理论只有与不断变化发展的客观实际相符合,才能真正发挥其巨大的指导作用。(3分)

②实践是认识的基础。社会实践是不断发展的,我们的思想认识也应不断前进,必须勇于和善于根据实践的要求不断创新。(3分)

③事物的运动是有规律的,规律是客观的。它不仅要求我们尊重规律,按规律办事,更要求我们发挥主观能动性,坚持与时俱进、不断创新。(3分)

本题以人民日报发表评论员文章为背景。考查学生对辩证唯物主义唯物论与认识论知识的理解。可以从物质决定意识,意识具有能动作用,实践是认识的基础,事物的运动是有规律的三个方面分析回答。

选择题
填空题

Motivation is "the driving force within individuals that impels them to action." And goals are the sought-after results_____(1) motivated behavior.Motivation can be either positive or negative_____(2) direction. We may feel a driving force toward some object or condition, _____(3) a driving force away from some object or condition. For example, a person may be impelled toward a restaurant to fulfill a need, hunger, and away_____(4) an airplane to fulfill a need of safety. Some psychologists refer to positive drives_____(5) needs, wants or desires,_____(6) negative drives as fears or aversions._____ (7), though negative and positive motivational forces seem to differ dramatically_____(8) terms of physical and sometimes emotional activity, they are basically similar in_____(9) they both serve to initiate and sustain human behavior.____(10) this reason, researchers often refer _____(11) both kinds of drives or motives as needs, wants and desires.Goals, _____(12), can be either positive or negative. A positive goal is one toward_____ (13) behavior is directed and it is often referred to as an approach object. A negative goal is _____(14) from which behavior is directed away and it is sometimes referred to as an avoidance object. Since both approach and avoidance goals can be considered objectives of motivated behavior, most researchers refer to_____(15) types simply as goals. Consider this example. A middle-aged woman may wish to remain_____(16) attractive as possible. Her positive goal is to appear desirable, and_____(17) she may use a perfume advertised to make her irresistible. A negative goal may be to prevent her skin_____(18) aging, and therefore she may buy and use face creams._____(19) the former case, she uses perfume to help her achieve her positive goal — attractiveness; in the____(20) case, she uses face creams to help avoid a negative goal — wrinkled skin.