阅读材料,回答下列问题。（共20分）

材料一 周人以西方的一个小国代商而有天下，苦于兵力单薄，不足以统治东方各族人民，于是大封同姓、异姓及古帝王之后于东方，以为周室的“藩屏”。

——赵光贤《周代社会辨析》

材料二   廷尉李斯议曰：“今海内赖陛下神灵一统，皆为郡县，诸子功臣以公赋税重赏赐之，甚足易制。天下无异意，则安宁之术也。置诸侯不便。”始皇曰：“天下共苦战斗不休，以有侯王。赖宗庙，天下初定，又复立国，是树兵也，而求其宁息，岂不难哉!廷尉议是。”

一一《史记•秦始皇本纪》

材料三   汉兴之初，海内新定，同姓寡少，惩戒亡秦孤立之败，于是剖裂疆土，立二等之爵。……藩国大者，夸州兼郡，连城数十，然一一诸侯原本以大，末流滥以致溢，小者淫荒越法，大者睽孤横逆，以害身丧国。

——《汉书》

材料四   若元(元朝)，则起逆漠，并西域，平西夏，灭女真，臣高丽，定南诏，遂下江南，而天下为一，故其地北逾阴山，西极流沙，东尽辽左，南越海表。盖汉东西九千三百二里，南北一万三千三百六十八里，唐东西九千五百一十一里，南北一万六千九百一十八里，元东南所至不下汉、唐，而西北则过之，有难以里数限者矣。

一一《元史•地理志》

请回答：(1)材料一反映了西周的什么制度？(2分)此制度的定义是什么？（2分）

(2)材料二中秦朝实行了什么制度?(2分)结合所学知识指出这种制度在当时的主要作用。(2分)

(3)根据材料三指出汉初又分封王侯的原因及影响。(4分)

(4)根据材料四概括元朝疆域状况的特点。(2分)元统治者实行了怎样的地方管理制度?(2分)

(5)综合上述材料并结合所学知识，列举我国古代所学的地方制度，并举两例有利于中央集权的制度（4分）

Attractions in Wisconsin

Wisconsin Historical Museum

30 N. Carroll Street on Madison’s Capitol Square

Discover Wisconsin’s history and culture(文化) on four floors of exhibits. Open for public program. Admission is free.

Open Tuesday through Saturday, 9:00am -- 4:00 pm.

(608) 264-6555 www.wisconsinhistory.org/museum

Swiss historical village

612 Seventh Ave., New Glarus

The Swiss Historical Village offers a delightful look at pioneer life in America’s heartland. 14 buildings in the village give a full picture of every day life in the nineteenth-century Midwest.

Tue.—Fri., May 1^st –October 31^st , 10:00 am—4:00 pm. Admission is $20.

(608) 527-2317 www.swisshistoricalvillage.com

Artisan Gallery & Creamery Café

6858 Paoli Rd., Paoli, WI

One of the largest collections of fine arts and crafts(手工艺品) in Wisconsin. Over 5000 sp. ft. of exhibition space in a historic creamery. While visiting enjoy a wonderfully prepared lunch at our café overlooking the Sugar River. Just minutes from Madison!

Gallery open Tue. –Sun., 10:00 am—5:00 pm.

Café open Wed. –Sat., 11:00 am –3:00 pm.

Sun. brunch with wine, 10:00—3:00 pm.

(608) 845-6600 www.artisangal.com

Christopher Columbus Museum

239 Whitney St., Columbus

World-class exhibit –2000 quality souvenirs(纪念品) marking Chicago’s 1893 World Columbian Exhibition. Tour buses are always welcome.

Open daily, 8:15 am – 4:00 pm.

(920) 623-1992 www.columbusantiquemall.com

小题1:Which of the following is on Capitol Square?

A．Wisconsin Historical Museum.

B．Swiss Historical Village.

C．Artisan Gallery & Creamery Café.

D．Christopher Columbus Museum.小题2:Where can you go for a visit on Monday?

A．Wisconsin Historical Museum.

B．Swiss Historical Village.

C．Artisan Gallery & Creamery café.

D．Christopher Columbus Museum.小题3:Where can visitors have lunch?

A．At Wisconsin Historical Museum.

B．At Swiss Historical Village.

C．At Artisan Gallery & Creamery Café.

D．At Christopher Columbus Museum.小题4:We learn from the text that___________.

A．Swiss Historical Village is open for half a year

B．Christopher Columbus Museum overlooks a river

C．tickets are needed for Wisconsin Historical Museum

D．Artisan Gallery & Creamery Café are open daily for 4 hours