问题 问答题 简答题

成本管理的内容包括哪些?

答案

参考答案:

成本管理的内容主要包括成本预测、成本决策、成本计划、成本控制、成本核算、成本分析和成本考核等。成本预测是根据有关的成本资料及其他资料,通过一定的程序、方法,对本期以后的某一个期间的成本所作的估计;成本决策是指在成本预测的基础上,通过对各种方案的比较、分析、判断后,从多种方案中选择最佳方案的过程;成本计划是根据计划期内所确定的目标,具体规定计划期内各种消耗定额及成本水平以及相应的完成计划成本所应采取的一些具体的措施;成本控制是预先制定成本标准作为各项费用消耗的限额,在生产经营过程中对实际发生的费用进行控制,及时揭示实际与标准的差异额并对产生差异的原因进行分析,提出进一步改进的措施,消除差异,保证目标成本实现的过程。成本核算是指对生产过程中发生的费用按一定的对象进行归集和分配,采用适当的方法计算出成本计算对象的总成本和单位成本的过程;成本分析是根据成本核算所提供的资料及其他有关的资料,对实际成本的水平、构成情况,采用一定的技术经济分析方法计算其完成情况、差异额,分析产生差异的原因的过程。通过成本分析,可以总结成本管理工作中的成绩,找出存在的问题,提出解决问题的办法,掌握成本变动的规律,提出改进的措施;成本考核是根据企业制定的成本计划、成本目标等指标,分解成企业内部的各种成本考核指标,并下达到企业内部的各个责任单位或个人,明确各单位和个人的责任,并按期进行考核。上述成本管理的内容是相互联系的一个整体,它们相互依存,相互结合地在成本管理中发挥着作用。

配伍题 B型题
完形填空

Directions: Read the following passage.Answer the.questions according to the information given in the passage..

There is a famous expression in English: "Stop the world; I want to get off!" This expression refers to a feeling of panic, or stress that makes a person want to stop whatever they are doing, try to relax, and become calm again."Stress" means pressure or tension.It is one of the most common causes of health problems in modern life.Too much stress results in physical. emotional and mental health problems.

There are numerous physical effects of stress.Stress can affect the heart.It can increase the pulse rate.make the heart miss beats, and can cause high blood pressure.Stress can affect the respiratory (与呼吸有关的) system.It can lead to asthma (哮喘).It can cause a person to breathe too fast, resulting in a loss of important carbon dioxide.Stress can affect the stomach.It can cause stomach aches and problems digesting food.These are only a few examples of the wide range of illnesses and symptoms resulting from stress.

Emotions are also easily affected by stress.People suffering from stress often feel anxious.They may have panic attacks.They may feel tired all the time.When people are under stress.they often overreact to little problems.For example, a normally gentle parent under a lot of stress at work may yell at a child for dropping a glass of juice.Stress can make people angry.moody or nervous.

Long-term stress can lead to a variety of serious mental illnesses.Depression, an extreme feeling of sadness and hopelessness, can be the result of continued and increasing stress.Alcoholism and other addictions often develop as a result of overuse of alcohol or drugs to try to relieve stress.Eating disorders, such as anorexia (厌食), are sometimes caused by stress and are often made worse by stress.If stress is allowed to continue, then one's mental health is put at risk.

It is obvious that stress is a serious problem.It attacks the body.It affects the emotions.Untreated, it may eventually result in mental illness.Stress has a great influence on the health and well-being of our bodies, our feelings, and our minds.So, reduce stress: stop the world and rest for a while.

小题1:According to the passage, what are the consequences of too much stress? (No more than 6     words)

小题2:Why do normally gentle parents sometimes shout at their children for small mistakes? (No more than 10 words)

小题3:List three parts of the body affected by stress in this passage.(No more than 6 words) 

小题4:What is the best title of the passage? (No more than 8 words)