问题 多项选择题

下列属于康德伦理观点的是()。

A.永远把人当作目的而不仅仅是工具

B.不应撒谎

C.为了他人的幸福

D.自我完善

答案

参考答案:A, B, C, D

阅读理解

阅读理解。

     If you stay in an Indian home, bring something from your home country as a gift. Although it is not

expected, it would be much pleasant. But find out the social position and religion of your hosts before

you choose the gift. A bottle of foreign whisky would be the perfect gift for some, but not at all suitable

for others. If you know the people you are going to stay with, it is a good idea to ask them what they

would like. Some things are just not available in India.

     It is not necessary to bring a gift when you are invited to dinner. After all, you are the honored guest.

Several years ago, it was almost unpleasant to bring sweets or a bottle of wine. But this is not true today.

Nowadays it is a custom which is becoming popular with many Indians. Fruit, flowers or a box of sweets

are perfect gifts, and will make no one unhappy.

     In all classes of society, both in the city and in the country, food is only taken to the mouth with the

right hand. This is the most important part of the etiquette (礼节) of eating in India. When you watch

Indians eat something, you will see that they keep their left hands on their legs.

     If you want to find a conversation topic in India, talk about families. Another useful subject to start with

is cricket (板球). But once you get to know a person better, any topic is acceptable. Indians love to talk

about politics and religion. They enjoy heated discussions. Conversation is an art form and people take the

time to really talk.

1. If you are invited for a meal at an Indian home, _______.

A. you should offer to pay for the food

B. you will hurt your hosts if you take anything

C. it is fashionable to take flowers or sweets

D. it is traditional to take whisky

2. Indians love interesting topics and they _______.

A. only talk about family matters

B. prefer to'have heated discussions

C. don't like talking about themselves

D. get away from religion and politics

3. The underlined part in the first paragraph means _______.

A. you can buy these things easily in India

B. they don't make these things in India

C. they never avoid these things in India

D. you can't get these things in India

4. According to the passage, all of the following are true except that _______.

A. your choice of gift will depend on who your hosts are

B. playing cricket with left hand is popular in India

C. Indians normally use their right hands for food they eat

D. Indians like to talk about serious things with guests

阅读理解与欣赏

阅读下文,完成文后各题。

原 毁

韩愈

  古之君子,其责己也重以周,其待人也轻以约。重以周,故不怠;轻以约,故人乐为善。闻古之人有舜者,其为人也,仁义人也。求其所以为舜者,责于己曰:“彼,人也;予,人也。彼能是,而我乃不能是!”早夜以思,去其不如舜者,就其如舜者。闻古之人有周公者,其为人也,多才与艺人也。求其所以为周公者,责于己曰:“彼,人也;予,人也。彼能是,而我乃不能是!”早夜以思,去其不如周公者,就其如周公者。舜,大圣人也,后世无及焉;周公,大圣人也,后世无及焉。是人也,乃曰:“不如舜,不如周公,吾之病也。”是不亦责于身者重以周乎!其于人也,曰:“彼人也,能有是,是足为良人矣;能善是,是足为艺人矣。”取其一,不责其二;即其新,不究其旧,恐恐然惟惧其人之不得为善之利。一善,易修也,一艺,易能也,其于人也,乃曰:“能有是,是亦足矣。”曰:“能善是,是亦足矣。”不亦待于人者轻以约乎?

  今之君子则不然。其责人也详,其待己也廉。详,故人难于为善;廉,故自取也少。己未有善,曰:“我善是,是亦足矣。”己未有能,曰:“我能是,是亦足矣。”外以欺于人,内以欺于心,未少有得而止矣,不亦待其身者已廉乎?其于人也,曰:“彼虽能是,其人不足称也;彼虽善是,其用不足称也。”举其一,不计其十;究其旧,不图其新,恐恐然惟惧其人之有闻也。是不亦责于人者已详乎?夫是之谓不以众人待其身,而以圣人望于人,吾未见其尊己也。

  虽然,为是者有本有原,怠与忌之谓也。怠者不能修,而忌者畏人修。吾尝试之矣。尝试语于众曰:“某良士,某良士。”其应者,必其人之与也;不然,则其所疏远,不与同其利者也;不然,则其畏也。不若是,强者必怒于言,懦者必怒于色矣。又尝语于众曰:“某非良士,某非良士。”其不应者,必其人之与也;不然,则其所疏远,不与同其利者也;不然,则其畏也。不若是,强者必说于言,懦者必说于色矣。是故事修而谤兴,德高而毁来。呜呼!士之处此世,而望名誉之光,道德之行,难已!

将有作于上者,得吾说而存之,其国家可几而理欤!

小题1:下列加点词的解释不正确的一项是(3分)                        (   )

A.其责己也重以周责:责备

B.不如舜,不如周公,吾之病也病:弱点

C.恐恐然惟惧其人之有闻也闻:声望

D.是故事修而谤兴修:治理小题2:下列各组句子中,加点词的意义和用法都相同的一组是(3分)      (   )

A.早夜以思其责己也重以周

B.吾未见其尊己也去其不如舜者

C.而我乃不能是今其智乃反不能及

D.必其人之与也不与同其利者也小题3:下列对原文有关内容的分析和概括,不正确的一项是(3分)        (   )

A.作者以儒家的道德观念为依据,从待己和待人两方面立论,以古今作比较,分析揭示了毁谤产生的根源在于懒惰和嫉妒。

B.文章高度赞扬了“古之君子”严以律己、宽以待人的精神,抨击了惯于“怠”与“忌”、好说别人坏话的“今之君子”,呼吁社会改变“事修而谤兴,德高而毁来”的嫉贤妒能的坏风气。

C.作者认为,君子要求自己应严格而全面,要求别人应宽容而简约。国家当中居于上位想要有所作为的人,如果懂得了这个道理,他的国家就一定会治理得好了。

D.文章采用比较对照的论述方法和并列双行的结构方式,排比成篇,层层紧逼,处处呼应。