问题 问答题 论述题

试述如何评价法约尔管理思想的评价?

答案

参考答案:

管理思想的发展既是文化环境的产物,又是文化环境的过程。它伴随着文化模式、道德水准和社会制度的变迁而不断向前发展的。只有站在这个高度,才能真正领会到法约尔一般管理理论中所蕴含的精神实质。

1.法约尔对管理“普遍性”的论述是管理思想发展上的一个重大贡献。法约尔提出,

①管理是可以应用于一切事业的一种独立活动;

②随着一个人在职务上的提升,越来越需要管理活动;

③管理知识是可以传授的。

2.法约尔的管理思想具有很强的系统性和理论性。虽然法约尔的管理思想与泰勒的管理思想都是古典管理思想的代表,但法约尔管理思想的系统性和理论性更强,后人根据他建立的构架,建立了管理学并把它引入了课堂。法约尔的贡献是在管理的范畴、管理的组织理论、管理的原则方面提出了崭新的观点,为以后管理理论的发展奠定了基础。

3.法约尔的一般管理理论被誉为管理史上的第二座丰碑。这一理论作为西方古典管理思想的重要代表,后来成为管理过程学派的理论基础(该学派将法约尔尊奉为开山祖师),也是以后各种管理理论和管理实践的重要依据,对管理理论的发展和企业管理的进程均有着深刻的影响。对管理五大职能的分析为管理科学提供了一套科学的理论构架。经过多年的研究和实践证明,总的来说仍然是正确的,现在仍然为许多人所推崇。因此,继泰勒的科学管理之后,一般管理也被誉为管理史上的第二座丰碑。

但应该认识到法约尔的管理理论并不是包罗万象、一成不变的。正如他自己所强调的,这些原则并不完整,也不是一成不变的,它不能回答特殊的问题,他不主张在实际工作中盲目地、刻板地套用这些原则,而应结合具体管理情况而灵活应用它们。法约尔一般管理理论的主要不足之处是他的管理原则缺乏弹性,以至于有时实际管理工作者无法完全遵守。

时至今日,法约尔的一般管理思想仍然闪耀着光芒,其管理原则仍然可以作为我们管理实践的指南。

阅读理解

C

Jamie Oliver has been invited by Gordon Brown to prepare a banquet at No. 10 for President Barack Obama and other leaders of the G20, offering a cut-price menu to reflect times when trade and industry are far from prosperous and the rate of employment is decreasing.

Downing Street sources say Oliver, the well-known chef, will cook using “honest high-street products” and avoid expensive or “fancy” ingredients (材料).

The prime minister is trying to avoid a repeat of the embarrassment last year when he sat down to an 18-course banquet at a Japanese summit to discuss world food shortages.

Obama, President Nicolas Sarkozy of France, Chancellor Angela Merkel of Germany and other leaders will be served by apprentices (学徒) from Fifteen, the London restaurant Oliver founded to help train young people in poverty in order to make a living by mastering a skill.

Brown wants the dinner to reflect the emphasis of the London summit, which he hopes will lead to an agreement to lift the world out of recession. “To be invited to cook for such an important group of people, who are trying to solve some of the world’s major problems, is really a privilege,” said Oliver.

“I’m hoping the menu I’m working on will show British food and produce is some of the best in the world, but also show we have pioneered a high-quality apprentice scheme at Fifteen London that is giving young people a skill to be proud of.”

The chef has not yet finalized the menu, but is expected to draw inspiration from his latest book, Jamie’s Ministry of Food, which has budget recipes for beef and ale stew (啤酒炖菜) and “impressive” chocolate fudge cake.

49. The underlined word “recession” in Paragraph 5 is closest in meaning to “_______”.

A. business       B. opposition           C. discussion           D. depression

50. What can we learn about Oliver from the text?

A. He is a well-known American cook.        

B. He is invited to attend the G20 summit.

C. He has founded the Fifteen London.      

D. He is one of the apprentices serving leaders of the G20.

51. Which of the following is TRUE according to the text?

A. Oliver is honored to be invited to cook for the G20 leaders.

B. Altogether three presidents are mentioned in the text.

C. President Barack Obama offers the cut-price menu.

D. The menu for the G20 dinner banquet has been decided.

52. What is the Fifteen London?

A. an apartment in London                               B. a luxurious restaurant in London

C. a restaurant as well as a training center                D. a famous avenue

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